重金属胁迫土壤的硝化过程及其氨氧化功能微生物响应机制

项目名称： 重金属胁迫土壤的硝化过程及其氨氧化功能微生物响应机制

项目编号： No.41271266

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 卢维盛

作者单位： 华南农业大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 研究重金属胁迫土壤的硝化过程及其关键功能微生物响应机理，对于调控污染农田土壤氮循环和肥力质量具有重要意义。本研究拟将土壤重金属污染野外调查与微宇宙模拟实验相结合，在调查土壤重金属形态和活性的基础上, 研究重金属胁迫条件下的土壤硝化过程等氮循环特征；利用 DGGE和T-RFLP等分子指纹图谱技术，分析土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌等微生物的群落结构特征；将稳定同位素探针技术(DNA-SIP)与454高通量测序技术等技术相结合, 原位鉴定重金属胁迫土壤中直接参与硝化过程的功能氨氧化微生物种类；进一步利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究关键氨氧化微生物群落对重金属的定量响应关系，明晰指示土壤重金属污染的敏感和耐性氨氧化微生物；利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)，原位评价重金属污染土壤的关键功能氨氧化菌数量及其空间分布特征。本研究将为深入理解重金属污染土壤氮循环功能退化和氮素养分高效利用的微生物机制提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 重金属；土壤氮循环；氨氧化微生物；胁迫响应机制；分子生物学

英文摘要： The research on the nitrification process and the key functional microorganism characteristic under the heavy metal stress soil condition has an important significance for control of the N-cycle and soil fertility quality of the contaminated farmlands. This research combines field investigation for soil heavy metal pollution and microcosm simulated experiment, based on the function and activity of soil heavy metals，to study the character of soil N-cycle as nitrification process, under the heavy metal stress condition; Exploiting molecular fingerprinting technologies, as DGGE and T-RFLP, to analyze microorganisms' structure characters such as ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB); Employing the stable isotope probing(DNA-SIP) combined with 454 high-throughput DNA sequencing technology，to in situ identify the species of the key functional ammonia oxidizing bacteria which directly involved in the nitrification process under the heavy metal stressed soil condition; Utilizing Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR to investigate the quantitative relation between heavy metal and key ammonia oxidizing microorganism colony, and to distinguish the sensitive and resistant ammonia oxidizing miroorganism which indicating the degree of soil heavy metal pollution; Meanwhile, taking advantage of

英文关键词： heavy metal；soil N cycle；ammonia oxdizing microorganism；stress response；molecular biology