基于新型导航方案的非合作自主交会轨道动力学与制导律研究

项目名称： 基于新型导航方案的非合作自主交会轨道动力学与制导律研究

项目编号： No.10802002

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 陈统

作者单位： 北京航空航天大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 当今和未来航天领域的许多重大任务中，自主交会都是必不可少的环节，其中的相对导航和制导技术是一项关键技术。尽管这些领域已有一定研究基础，但随着空间攻防、航天器在轨维护、小行星探测等许多新任务的出现，自主交会呈现出非合作目标的特点，先前的相对导航和制导技术很难与之适应。在非合作式自主交会任务中，可选择的导航敏感器苛刻，能获得的目标相对运动信息量少，相对导航和制导难度很大。 本研究为非合作式自主交会提出一种新的相对导航方案，并研究相应的轨道动力学和制导律问题。主要研究内容包括：提出基于编队双视线测量的相对导航方案；研究追踪航天器编队导航约束下自主交会的相对轨道动力学和制导律问题；设计利用编队基线信息和两组目标视线角信息进行相对导航的滤波算法；分析编队追踪航天器的空间构型对相对导航的影响。 项目的研究成果将为我国未来的自主交会任务提供有力的理论储备和技术支持。

中文关键词： 非合作式自主交会；相对导航；编队双视线测量；轨道动力学；制导律

英文摘要： The space autonomous rendezvous is absolutely necessarily in many current and future space missions. As one of the key technologies for autonomous rendezvous, the technology of relative navigation and guidance has been studied and developed. But along with new space missions appearing, such as space security defending, on-orbit spacecraft servicing, asteroid exploration, the characteristic of noncooperative targets arises gradually so that the developed technology of relative navigation and guidance for autonomous rendezvous is unsuitable for new missions. In these missions, special navigation sensors for NCAR (noncooperative autonomous rendezvous) need to be selected rigorously and the acquirable relative motion measurements of targets are always scarce. Therefore, the relative navigation and guidance for NCAR are difficult. A new relative navigation scheme for NCAR is presented in this research work. Moreover, relevant problems of orbital mechanics and guidance law are studied. The main research includes: 1) presenting the relative navigation scheme based on formation double LOS (line of sight) measurements, 2) studying the relative orbital mechanics and guidance law with the formation navigation restraint of chase spacecrafts, 3) designing the filtering method for relative navigation using double LOS measurements of the target spacecraft and the base line measurements between chase spacecrafts, 4) analyzing the influence of space formation flying configuration of chase spacecrafts on the relative navigation. This research work will provide strong theory and technology supports for our future autonomous rendezvous missions.

英文关键词： noncoorperative autonomous rendezvous; relative navigation; formation double LOS measurements; orbital mechanics; guidance law