耐盐碱植物对盐碱土壤的结构演化生理响应及改良机制研究

项目名称： 耐盐碱植物对盐碱土壤的结构演化生理响应及改良机制研究

项目编号： No.41271231

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陆静梅

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 土壤盐碱化是全球性问题，严重影响着人们的生存、土地利用和生态环境治理。利用耐盐碱野生大豆改良盐碱土壤，繁殖生物质资源，一举双赢。以此为目标，应用具有盐腺、多根瘤、耐盐碱野生大豆与不耐盐碱野生大豆为对比试验材料，研究其抗逆结构、生理响应和生态指标的差异；将室内控制实验与野外大田实验相结合，研究野生大豆种子引发技术，验证提高野生大豆耐盐碱引发剂的最佳浓度和最佳处理时间，阐明种子引发技术对提高野生大豆耐盐碱机理不可或缺的作用；应用电镜研究野生大豆耐盐碱胁迫的演化结构，研究耐盐碱胁迫的生理响应；研究盐碱土壤治理，合理施肥提高盐碱土壤的改良效果。应用野生大豆根瘤菌活动，改良盐碱土壤的柱状结构，使其形成通气组织，疏松肥沃土壤，恢复植被。 项目旨在：筛选和扩繁具有盐腺、根瘤多、耐盐碱野生大豆生物质资源，改良柱状盐碱土壤，形成精准栽培的集成技术，使固氮、固氧、固磷和固钾全身是宝的野生大豆得到高效利用。

中文关键词： 野生大豆；盐胁迫；光合作用；叶绿素荧光；脯氨酸

英文摘要： Soil salinization is a global problem, which badly affect people's survival, soil use and eco-environmental governance. So it's like killing two birds with one stone to use salt-tolerant wild soybean (Glycine soja) to improve saline soil and propagate plants. This project choose the salt-tolerant wild soybean with salt glands, root nodule and salt-sensibility wild soybean as comparison test materials to study the difference of anti-adversity structure, physiological response and ecological indices in wild soybean. Through indoor and field experiments, we study the technology of seed solicitation of wild soybean, verify the best concentration and best processing time of initiator that raising wild soybean's salinity tolerance extent, clarify that seed solicitation technology is an indispensable role to improve the mechanism of wild soybean's salinity tolerance. Apply electron microscope to study the evolution of structure of wild soybean under salt stress. Study the physiological response of wild soybean to salinity. Improve the effect of saline soil by rational fertilization. Apply rhizobium to improve columnar structure of saline soil, which can loose and fertilize soil, recover vegetation. Project purpose: Filtering and propagating wild soybean (Glycine soja) with salt glands, root nodules and salinity tolera

英文关键词： wild soybeans；salt stress；photosynthesis；chlorophyll fluorescence；proline