用聚氨酯固化废闪烁液及固化体的组成、结构和性能研究

项目名称： 用聚氨酯固化废闪烁液及固化体的组成、结构和性能研究

项目编号： No.21271113

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 冯孝贵

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 放射性废物处理是核能发展所面临的关键问题，其中放射性有机废液是最难处理的废物之一。废闪烁液是一类常见的放射性有机废液，由于目前暂无妥善的处理方法，而且废闪烁液已越积越多，因此如何有效处理废闪烁液已成为亟待解决的问题。本项目拟利用聚氨酯的特有性能，采用"液态聚氨酯原位固化"方法，针对目前常见的商品闪烁液，开展废闪烁液塑料固化基础研究，主要研究聚氨酯组成-固化体结构-固化体性能（机械性能、抗浸出性能、抗老化性能等）之间的关系，研究闪烁液包覆于聚氨酯中的微观分布状态，探索固化体的老化机理及其对固化体结构和性能的影响规律。通过本项目研究，建立一套用聚氨酯固化废闪烁液的方法，揭示聚氨酯组成-固化体结构-固化体性能之间的相互关系，并有望阐明固化体老化机理，为将来进一步研究用聚氨酯固化实际废闪烁液打好基础，同时也为其它放射性有机废液的处理提供一条思路。

中文关键词： 闪烁液；聚氨酯；塑料固化；老化；浸出

英文摘要： The disposal of radioactive waste is one of the key problems for the development of nuclear power. One of the most difficult tasks is to dispose of radioactive organic liquid wastes. The used cocktail for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is a common kind of radioactive organic liquid waste. At present there is no proper method for the treatment of used LSC cocktails, which have been accumulating more and more, so it is urgent to find an effective method to deal with the used LSC cocktails. This project is planning to present a method of plastic solidification for the used LSC cocktail using polyurethane which has more special properties. The solidification of a common cocktail, which is available commercially, will be studied with the so-called "liquid polyurethane in situ solidification" method. The study will focus on the interrelationships among the compositions of polyurethane, the structures of solidified waste and their basic properties such as mechanical properties, anti-leaching properties, and anti-aging properties. Based on the investigation into the microscopic distribution of LSC cocktail embedded in polyurethane, this project will explore the aging mechanism of the solidified waste and aging effects on the structures and properties of the solidified waste. This project is aiming to establish a so

英文关键词： LSC cocktail；polyurethane；plastic solidification；aging；leach