高速滑坡碎裂化过程及运动放大效应的试验和模型研究

项目名称： 高速滑坡碎裂化过程及运动放大效应的试验和模型研究

项目编号： No.41472272

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 周家文

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 本课题以高速远程滑坡碎屑流为研究对象，重点研究高速滑坡运动过程中的两个关键问题：滑坡碎裂化并转化为碎屑流的动力过程及由冲击铲刮作用导致的滑坡运动放大效应。采用现场调查、物理模型试验、理论分析和数值试验等手段，对高速滑坡碎屑流的动力过程、力学机制及模型进行研究。基于岩石冲击破碎试验和滑坡块体运动碎裂化试验，提出用于描述滑坡体碎裂化情况的定量化参数；建立用于描述高速滑坡碎裂化过程的力学模型。在大量室内物理模型试验和数值试验基础上，提出滑坡冲击铲刮效应的作用机制及其对运动放大效应的影响；重点研究水存在条件下对冲击铲刮效应及滑坡动力学过程的影响。综合滑坡实例统计数据，提出用于估算滑坡运动距离、速度演化及滑坡体积规模放大等灾害参数的经验性公式。研究得到的滑坡灾害参数估算模型可为高速远程滑坡的防灾减灾提供理论依据，具有较高的研究意义和社会价值。

中文关键词： 高速滑坡；岩石碎裂化；运动放大效应；物理模型试验；理论模型

英文摘要： High-speed long run-out landslide-debris avalanche is selected as the object in this study, and focused on two key issues the motion process of the high-speed landslide: (1) dynamic process for fragmentation of the sliding mass and then transformed to debris avalanche; (2) movement amplification effect caused by the erosion and entrainment. Field investigation, physical modeling experiments, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used to study the dynamic process, mechanical mechanism, and modeling of the high-speed landslide. Combined with impact damage experiments for rocks and movement fragmentation experiments for sliding blocks, the quantitative parameters for describe the fragmentation degree of sliding mass is presented, and a mechanical model is presented to analysis the fragmentation process of the high-speed landslide. Based on several physical modeling tests and numerical simulations, the erosion and entrainment mechanism for high-speed landslide impact on the sliding bed sediments is presented, and focused on the effect of water on the landslide erosion and entrainment, and dynamic process of high-speed landslide. Combined with the statistical data of several landslides, an empirical model is presented to evaluate the travel distance, evolution of landslide speed and the amplification of the landslide volume. The empirical model for the disaster parameters of landslide can provide theoretical basis for the hazard prevention and mitigation of high-speed long run-out landslide, which has a high social value and academic significance.

英文关键词： high-speed landslide;rock fragmentation;movement amplification effect;physical modelling;theoritical model