海岸带盐沼湿地线虫多样性的纬度梯度研究

项目名称： 海岸带盐沼湿地线虫多样性的纬度梯度研究

项目编号： No.41201054

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 陈慧丽

作者单位： 杭州师范大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 生物多样性大尺度分布格局及其成因是宏观生态学和生物地理学研究的核心内容之一，对于理解生物群落组成及多样性与区域环境之间的联系，揭示全球变暖对生物的潜在影响具有十分重要的意义。土壤生物类群庞大，在很大程度上调节着生态系统功能，然而有关土壤生物多样性的纬度变异研究相对欠缺。线虫是土壤生态系统中种类繁多、数量巨大的优势动物类群，发挥着重要的生态功能。本项目将以我国海岸带盐沼土壤线虫为研究对象，采用形态分类与分子技术相结合的方法，分析各纬度线虫群落的遗传谱系结构、物种多样性和功能群组成，多层次研究土壤线虫多样性的纬度分布格局，探讨其与气候等环境因子的关系，为进一步完善全球生物多样性分布格局的理论体系提供重要的基础资料，为预测全球气候变化的影响提供参考。

中文关键词： 土壤线虫；摄食选择性；生活史类群；谱系多样性；生物地理学

英文摘要： Global patterns in biodiversity and their underlying mechanisms are among the most exciting topics for modern ecology and biogeography. Understanding whether and how community structure changes with latitude will become an important predictive tool for assesing how these communities will respond to climatic changes in the future. Although soils are recognized as one of the most species rich animal habitats on earth and soil organisms play important roles in regulating ecosystem-level processes, most biodiversity research has focused on aquatic and aboveground organisms and few attempts to know about geographic patterns of soil organisms and their environmental determinants. Nematodes are the most abundant metazoan taxon, which are assumed to function as regulators of decomposition and mineralization processes and play a central role in the detrital food web. In order to reveal the latitudinal gradients in diversity of soil nematodes living in coastal salt marshes, this project is planned to examine nematodes from 20 salt marshes along the coast of China. We will combine DGGE analysis and traditional morphological identi?cation technique to assess the community phylogenetic diversity and analyze the species and function diversity. In this study we will also explore the environmental determinants for nematode dive

英文关键词： soil nematode；feeding selectivity；life-history group；phylogenetic diversity；biogeography