物种多样性在重金属尾矿生态恢复中的作用与机制

项目名称： 物种多样性在重金属尾矿生态恢复中的作用与机制

项目编号： No.41471257

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 李金天

作者单位： 中山大学

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 基于植被重建的生态恢复技术目前已经被诸多国家和地区较广泛地用于治理重金属尾矿等矿业废弃物。但有相当多的证据表明，经过5-10年甚至更长时间的生态恢复，重金属尾矿的植被覆盖度（该指标通常与生产力、控制水土流失等生态系统功能呈正相关关系）也只有50%左右。因此，重金属尾矿生态恢复的理论还有待发展完善，从而使得该技术的效率进一步提高。鉴于最近二十年大量研究已反复证明物种多样性有利于提高生态系统的功能（包括生产力、保肥持水能力等），本项目拟选取典型的矿业废弃物- - 重金属尾矿作为研究对象，通过开展野外田间试验，在尾矿上建立具有物种多样性梯度的植被，分析物种多样性对于重建生态系统的功能（包括植被覆盖度、生产力）的影响，并在此基础上探究物种多样性如何影响重金属迁移、营养元素循环以及土壤微生物群落结构，以揭示物种多样性影响重金属尾矿生态恢复的内在机理，为物种多样性在重金属尾矿生态恢复中的应用提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 重金属；植物修复；钝化固定

英文摘要： The revegetation-based ecological restoration has been frequently applied to deal with mine wastelands in many regions of the world. However, there is considerable evidence that the vegetation cover (the measure is positively related to many ecosystem functions such as productivity and control of soil erosion) in mine wastelands is still quite low (about 50%) after 5-10 years (even longer) of the implementation of ecological restoration. Therefore, the theories on ecological restoration of mine wastelands should be developed further for an enhanced efficiency of the technology. Given that the last two decades have seen convincing experimental evidence indicating that species diversity tends to increase ecosystem functions (including productivity, water-holding and nutrient-retention capacity), we will establish a series of plant communities (i.e. revegetations) of varying species diversity in a representitive metalliferous mine tailings to examine the potential roles of species diversity in ecological restoration of metalliferous mine tailings. Based on this, we are going to determine the effects of the species diversity of revegetation on the transfer of heavy metals, soil nutrient cycling as well as soil microbial diversity and community composition. As a whole, we try to elucidate some mechanisms underlying the potential roles of species diversity in ecological restoration of metalliferous mine tailings, prodiving scentific support for the potential use of species diversity in the future.

英文关键词： Heavy metal;Phytoremediation;Passivation fixation