质子交换膜燃料电池中铂基电催化剂三相反应界面的光驱动构建

项目名称： 质子交换膜燃料电池中铂基电催化剂三相反应界面的光驱动构建

项目编号： No.21373211

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 物理化学

项目作者： 宋玉江

作者单位： 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所

项目金额： 40万元

中文摘要： 约60%的铂基电催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）膜电极中不具有三相反应界面（Nafion-质子通道、碳-电子通道和纳米孔-气体通道），导致铂的利用效率低。虽然以自组装和离子交换-沉积为代表的方法可以构筑质子通道，提高了膜电极中铂的利用效率，但是无法有效构建电子和气体通道，并且所制备的膜电极中铂的载量低（2.8-14 μgPt/cm2），不能满足电极反应（如氧还原反应）对大量催化活性位的要求。本项目拟首先将金属卟啉光催化剂组装到Nafion膜上，通过光照使铂成核中心选择性地沉积在金属卟啉周围，为每一个铂核构建Pt/Nafion界面-提供质子通道；然后，使用表面活性剂控制铂核生长为结构连续的多孔铂薄膜-提供气体通道；最后，将气体扩散层与自身导电的多孔铂薄膜热压结合获得电子通道。本项目的实施有望提高铂的利用效率，推动PEMFC技术的商业化进程。

中文关键词： 光驱动；三相反应界面；低铂；质子交换膜燃料电池；

英文摘要： Since about 60% of Pt-based electrocatalysts in membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) lacks three-phase boundary (Nafion-proton channel,carbon-electron channel, and nanopores-gas channel), the utilization efficiency of Pt is low. Although representative self-assembly and ion-exchange/deposition approach has well constructed the proton channel for the electrocatalysts and improved the utilization efficiency, yet these approaches cannot effectively build up the electron and gas channel, together with low Pt loading (2.8-14 μgPt/cm2)that does not meet the requirement of a large number of active sites for electrode reactions like oxygen reduction reaction. We propose to self-assemble metalloporphyrin photocatalysts upon Nafion membrane, then irradiate with light to make Pt selectively nucleate in the vicinity of the photocatalysts. This will lead to the construction of Pt/C interface, the proton channel. Next, we will choose certain types of surfactants to control the growth of Pt nucleation centers into nanoporous Pt thin-film, supplying the gas channel. Lastly, we will combine the nanoporous Pt film grown on Nafion membrane with gas diffusion electrode by hot pressing to obtain the electron channel. The proposed investigation is expected to significantly improve the utilizati

英文关键词： light-driven；three phase boundary；low platinum；proton exchange membrane fuel cells；