基于多学科证据探讨樟科油果樟属的系统学问题

项目名称： 基于多学科证据探讨樟科油果樟属的系统学问题

项目编号： No.31270238

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 杨永

作者单位： 中国科学院植物研究所

项目金额： 78万元

中文摘要： 油果樟属由于标本稀少、关键分类特征变异式样不清且缺乏系统的研究，种类界定、属下分类以及该属在樟科中的系统位置均不清楚。本项目拟在野外居群观察取样的基础上，用统计工具分析形态特征的变异式样；用普通光学显微镜、扫描电镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究油果樟属叶表皮微形态特征的变异式样；用扫描电镜研究花器官形态发生，搞清油果樟属花器官变异式样；用石蜡切片法研究油果樟属的胚胎学特征及其系统学意义；根据分子系统学原理和方法，用核DNA序列和叶绿体DNA序列建立油果樟属的分子系统树。建立特征数据库，用多学科证据分步骤地阐明油果樟属的三个系统学问题：一是通过叶表皮微形态、花器官发生、胚胎学以及分子系统学整合分析，搞清油果樟属与近缘属的关系；二是在居群观察基础上利用统计学方法分析其关键分类特征的变异式样，澄清种的界定问题；三是整合形态、叶表皮微形态和分子系统学数据阐明油果樟属的属下分类。

中文关键词： 樟科；油果樟属；形态学；系统发育；分类学

英文摘要： The family Lauraceae is one of the primitive angiosperm families with pantropical distribution, and includes ca. 50 genera and 2500-3000 species worldwide. In addition to yielding excellent timber, essential oils, and medicine, trees of the family are important components of tropical and subtropical forests of Asia together with Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae, Hamamelidaceae, and Theaceae, taxonomy of the family thus bears great importance in ecology, floristic biogeography, and biodiversity conservation in the region. However, the family is notorious for its taxonomy. Around 1/3 of total species in China are imperfectly known with either flower or fruit characters wanting. Syndiclis of Lauraceae is a systematically important but poorly studied genus in the subtribe Beilschmiediineae, represented by 10 species and distributed from Tropical India to South China. The genus has large fruits with high content of good quality oils, is thus a potential biomass energy plant group. All 9 species from China are endangered in a recently evaluated RedList using IUCN criteria and categories. But because of lacking specimens (less than 3 collections per species in Herbarium) and special field investigation, variation patterns of key taxonomic characters of the genus remain unclear, and three major taxonomic problems currently exist

英文关键词： Lauraceae；Syndiclis；Morphology；Phylogeny；Taxonomy