Influence of Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems on Driver Behavior: A Driving Simulator Study

With the advent of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology, there is an increasing need to evaluate driver behavior while using such technology. In this first of a kind study, a pedestrian collision warning (PCW) system using CAV technology, was introduced in a driving simulator environment, to evaluate driver braking behavior, in the presence of a jaywalking pedestrian. A total of 93 participants from diverse socio-economic backgrounds were recruited for this study, for which a virtual network of downtown Baltimore was created. An eye tracking device was also used to observe distractions and head movements. A Log logistic accelerated failure time (AFT) distribution model was used for this analysis, to calculate speed reduction times; time from the moment the pedestrian becomes visible, to the point where a minimum speed was reached, to allow the pedestrian to pass. The presence of the PCW system significantly impacted the speed reduction time and deceleration rate, as it increased the former and reduced the latter, which proves the effectiveness of this system in providing an effective driving maneuver, by drastically reducing speed. A jerk analysis is conducted to analyze the suddenness of braking and acceleration. Gaze analysis showed that the system was able to attract the attention of the drivers, as the majority of the drivers noticed the displayed warning. The familiarity of the driver with the route and connected vehicles reduces the speed reduction time; gender also can have a significant impact as males tend to have longer speed reduction time, i.e. more time to comfortably brake and allow the pedestrian to pass.