假NewsLab:关于双星和小瀑布的实验研究,使我们无法将真与假新闻区分开来。 (FakeNewsLab: Experimental Study on Biases and Pitfalls Preventing us from Distinguishing True from False News)

Misinformation posting and spreading in Social Media is ignited by personal decisions on the truthfulness of news that may cause wide and deep cascades at a large scale in a fraction of minutes. When individuals are exposed to information, they usually take a few seconds to decide if the content (or the source) is reliable, and eventually to share it. Although the opportunity to verify the rumour is often just one click away, many users fail to make a correct evaluation. We studied this phenomenon by implementing a web-based questionnaire that was compiled by 7,298 different volunteers. Participants were asked to mark 20 news as true or false. Interestingly, false news is correctly identified more frequently than true news, but showing the full article instead of just the title, surprisingly, does not increase general accuracy. Also, displaying the original source of the news may contribute to mislead the user in some cases, while the wisdom of the crowd can positively assist individuals' ability to classify correctly. Furthermore, participants that autonomously opened an additional browser tab while compiling the survey show higher accuracy than users that did not. This suggests a parallel fact-checking activity that support users' decisions. Finally, users that declare themselves as young adults are also those who open a new tab more often, suggesting more familiarity with the Web.

翻译：在社交媒体上发布和散布错误信息,是由个人对可能导致大范围和深层级级联的新闻的真实性所作的个人决定引发的。当个人接触信息时,通常需要几秒钟的时间来决定内容(或来源)是否可靠,并最终共享信息。虽然核实谣言的机会往往只是一击而去,但许多用户未能作出正确的评价。我们通过实施由7 298名不同志愿者汇编的网上问卷调查来研究这一现象。与会者被要求将20个新闻标为真实或假消息。有趣的是,假新闻比真实新闻更经常地被正确识别,但显示完整的文章而不是标题,令人惊讶的是,这并没有提高一般的准确性。此外,展示新闻的原始来源在某些情况下可能有助于误导用户,而人群的智慧可以积极帮助个人进行正确分类。此外,参与者们在汇编调查时自主地打开了额外的浏览器标签,显示的准确性高于用户。这说明,平行地核对了支持用户决定的活动,而不是真实性,但令人惊讶的是,显示显示完整文章而不是仅显示标题的完整。最后,展示原始消息的用户往往会向更熟悉的成年人展示。