Federated edge learning (FEEL) is envisioned as a promising paradigm to achieve privacy-preserving distributed learning. However, it consumes excessive learning time due to the existence of straggler devices. In this paper, a novel topology-optimized federated edge learning (TOFEL) scheme is proposed to tackle the heterogeneity issue in federated learning and to improve the communication-and-computation efficiency. Specifically, a problem of jointly optimizing the aggregation topology and computing speed is formulated to minimize the weighted summation of energy consumption and latency. To solve the mixed-integer nonlinear problem, we propose a novel solution method of penalty-based successive convex approximation, which converges to a stationary point of the primal problem under mild conditions. To facilitate real-time decision making, an imitation-learning based method is developed, where deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained offline to mimic the penalty-based method, and the trained imitation DNNs are deployed at the edge devices for online inference. Thereby, an efficient imitate-learning based approach is seamlessly integrated into the TOFEL framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed TOFEL scheme accelerates the federated learning process, and achieves a higher energy efficiency. Moreover, we apply the scheme to 3D object detection with multi-vehicle point cloud datasets in the CARLA simulator. The results confirm the superior learning performance of the TOFEL scheme over conventional designs with the same resource and deadline constraints.
翻译:联邦边缘学习(FEEL)被认为是实现隐私保护分布式学习的一个很有希望的范例,但是,它消耗了过多的学习时间,因为存在分流装置。在本文中,提出了一个新的地形优化联邦边缘学习(TOFEL)计划,以解决联邦学习中的异质问题,提高交流和计算效率。具体地说,共同优化组合表层和计算速度的问题,以尽量减少能源消耗和延缓的加权加和。为了解决混合整数非线性问题,我们提出了基于惩罚的连续曲线近似的新式解决办法,该办法在温和条件下会合于原始问题的固定点。为了便利实时决策,开发了以模拟学习为基础的方法,对深度神经网络(DNNS)进行了离线培训,以模拟基于惩罚的方法,而经过培训的模拟DNNNS在边缘装置上部署,以进行在线推导。因此,高效的模拟速度曲线曲线近近近近的曲线近近近近近近比值方法,以模拟方法演示了我们学习的进度。