Pedestrians are arguably one of the most safety-critical road users to consider for autonomous vehicles in urban areas. In this paper, we address the problem of jointly detecting pedestrians and recognizing 32 pedestrian attributes from a single image. These encompass visual appearance and behavior, and also include the forecasting of road crossing, which is a main safety concern. For this, we introduce a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) model relying on a composite field framework, which achieves both goals in an efficient way. Each field spatially locates pedestrian instances and aggregates attribute predictions over them. This formulation naturally leverages spatial context, making it well suited to low resolution scenarios such as autonomous driving. By increasing the number of attributes jointly learned, we highlight an issue related to the scales of gradients, which arises in MTL with numerous tasks. We solve it by normalizing the gradients coming from different objective functions when they join at the fork in the network architecture during the backward pass, referred to as fork-normalization. Experimental validation is performed on JAAD, a dataset providing numerous attributes for pedestrian analysis from autonomous vehicles, and shows competitive detection and attribute recognition results, as well as a more stable MTL training.
翻译:Pedestrians 可以说是城市地区考虑自治车辆的最安全关键道路使用者之一。 在本文中,我们处理联合探测行人和从单一图像中承认32个行人特征的问题,其中包括视觉外观和行为,还包括对道路过境的预测,这是一个主要安全问题。为此,我们引入了一个多目标学习模型,依靠一个综合的实地框架,以高效的方式实现这两个目标。每个外地都空间定位行人事件和总合属性的预测。这种配方自然利用空间环境,使其非常适合诸如自主驾驶等低分辨率情景。通过增加共同学习的属性数量,我们强调一个与梯度尺度有关的问题,这在MTL中产生,有许多任务。我们通过在落后路口加入网络结构的叉子时使不同目标函数的梯度正常化来解决该问题,称为叉度正常化。在JAAAD上进行了实验性验证,这是一个数据集,提供自动车辆行人分析的许多属性,显示竞争性探测和属性识别结果,以及更稳定的训练。