With the recent explosive growth of mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, guaranteeing consistent web appearance across all environments has become a significant problem. This happens simply because it is hard to keep track of the web appearance on different sizes and types of devices that render the web pages. Therefore, fixing the inconsistent appearance of web pages can be difficult, and the cost incurred can be huge, e.g., poor user experience and financial loss due to it. Recently, automated web repair techniques have been proposed to automatically resolve inconsistent web page appearance, focusing on improving usability. However, generated patches tend to disrupt the webpage's layout, rendering the repaired webpage aesthetically unpleasing, e.g., distorted images or misalignment of components. In this paper, we propose an automated repair approach for web pages based on meta-heuristic algorithms that can assure both usability and aesthetics. The key novelty that empowers our approach is a novel fitness function that allows us to optimistically evolve buggy web pages to find the best solution that optimizes both usability and aesthetics at the same time. Empirical evaluations show that our approach is able to successfully resolve mobile-friendly problems in 94% of the evaluation subjects, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art baseline techniques in terms of both usability and aesthetics.
翻译:随着智能手机或平板电脑等移动设备最近爆炸性增长,保证在所有环境中一致的网络外观已成为一个严重问题。这仅仅是因为很难跟踪不同大小和类型、使网页网页成为网页的装置的网络外观,因此,很难纠正网页的外观不一致,由此引起的费用可能很大,例如,用户经验差和由此造成的财政损失。最近,提出了自动网络修理技术,自动解决网页外观不一致的问题,重点是改进可用性。然而,产生的补丁往往会扰乱网页的布局,使修复的网页在美观上变得不愉快,例如,扭曲图像或部件的配对不当。在本文中,我们提议根据能够保证可用性和美观的元性偏重算法对网页进行自动修理。赋予我们方法能力的关键新颖之处是新颖的健身功能,使我们能够乐观地演变错误的网页网页,找到最佳的解决方案,既能优化我们时间的可用性和审美性,也能使修复的网页在美观上变得不愉快,例如,扭曲的图像或对部件的配对等。在本文中,快速的模型评估方法显示我们能否成功解决了我们之间的问题。