US Wind power generation has grown significantly over the last decades, contributing to the decarbonisation of the US power system. However, the technology also causes negative impacts. Technological progress and choice of locations could, however, decrease these impacts per unit of generated wind power. We assess for the US, which has the second largest wind power fleet globally, how these factors have changed in the period 2010--2019. For that purpose, we combine wind power generation time series, data on installed wind turbines, and wind speed time series to decompose the growth of US wind power generation into its driving factors. We show that wind resources per rotor swept area have increased during the last decade, but system efficiency, i.e. the relation of kinetic power in the wind to wind power generation, has declined stronger. Therefore, less electric power was extracted per rotor swept area in 2019 than 10 years before.
翻译：美国风力发电在过去几十年中大幅增长,促进了美国电力系统的去碳化。 但是,技术也带来了负面影响。 然而,技术进步和地点选择可以降低每个风力发电单位的影响。 我们为拥有全球第二大风力发电队的美国评估了这些因素在2010—2019年期间的变化情况。 为此,我们将风力发电时间序列、安装的风力涡轮机数据以及风速时间序列结合起来,以便将美国风力发电的增长分解为驱动因素。 我们显示,过去十年里,每块转轮风发电区都增加了风力资源,但系统效率却下降了,即风能动力与风力发电之间的关系也下降了。 因此,2019年前的10年中,每块转轮风发电区发电的发电量减少。
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