Management of crowd information in public transportation (PT) systems is crucial, both to foster sustainable mobility, by increasing the user's comfort and satisfaction during normal operation, as well as to cope with emergency situations, such as pandemic crises, as recently experienced with COVID-19 limitations. This paper presents a taxonomy and review of sensing technologies based on Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time crowd analysis, which can be adopted in the different segments of the PT system (buses/trams/trains, railway/metro stations, and bus/tram stops). To discuss such technologies in a clear systematic perspective, we introduce a reference architecture for crowd management, which employs modern information and communication technologies (ICT) in order to: (i) monitor and predict crowding events; (ii) implement crowd-aware policies for real-time and adaptive operation control in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs); (iii) inform in real-time the users of the crowding status of the PT system, by means of electronic displays installed inside vehicles or at bus/tram stops/stations, and/or by mobile transport applications. It is envisioned that the innovative crowd management functionalities enabled by ICT/IoT sensing technologies can be incrementally implemented as an add-on to state-of-the-art ITS platforms, which are already in use by major PT companies operating in urban areas. Moreover, it is argued that, in this new framework, additional services can be delivered to the passengers, such as, e.g., on-line ticketing, vehicle access control and reservation in severely crowded situations, and evolved crowd-aware route planning.
翻译:公共交通(PT)系统中的人群信息管理至关重要,通过提高用户在正常运行期间的舒适度和满意度来促进可持续流动性,通过提高用户在正常运行期间的舒适度和满意度以及应对紧急情况,如最近在COVID-19限制下经历的大流行病危机等,对公共交通(PT)系统中的人群信息管理至关重要,本文件介绍了基于Times Internet(IoT)的实时人群分析遥感技术的分类和审查,可在PT系统的不同部分(公共汽车/trams/trains/trains、铁路/地铁站和公共汽车/火车站)中采用这种技术。 为了从明确的系统角度讨论此类技术,我们引入了人群管理参考结构,采用现代信息和通信技术(ICT)来应对紧急情况,以便:(一) 监测和预测拥挤事件;(二) 实施人群意识政策,对智能运输系统(ITS)的实时和适应性操作性操作性操作性操作性控制;通过在车辆内部或公共汽车/火车站/站安装电子显示器,以及(或移动运输应用程序应用)中,可以对PT系统系统系统进行快速操作,实时向用户系统系统系统用户系统用户通报。