The main problems in transportation are accidents, increasingly slow traffic flow, and pollution. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) using external infrastructure can overcome these problems. For this reason, the number of such systems is increasing dramatically, and therefore requires an adequate overview. To the best of our knowledge, no current systematic review of existing ITS solutions exists. To fill this knowledge gap, our paper provides an overview of existing ITS that use external infrastructure worldwide. Accordingly, this paper addresses current questions and challenges. For this purpose, we performed a literature review of documents that describe existing ITS solutions from 2009 until today. We categorized the results according to technology levels and analyzed its hardware system setup and value-added contributions. In doing so, we made the ITS solutions comparable and highlighted past development alongside current trends. We analyzed more than 357 papers, including 52 test bed projects. In summary, current ITSs can deliver accurate information about individuals in traffic situations in real-time. However, further research into ITS should focus on more reliable perception of the traffic using modern sensors, plug-and-play mechanisms, and secure real-time distribution of the digital twins in a decentralized manner. By addressing these topics, the development of intelligent transportation systems will be able to take a step towards its comprehensive roll-out.
翻译：交通的主要问题是事故、交通流量日益缓慢和污染。使用外部基础设施的智能运输系统(ITS)能够克服这些问题。因此,这类系统的数量正在急剧增加,因此需要有一个充分的概览。根据我们的知识,目前没有对现有ITS解决办法进行系统的审查。为了填补这一知识差距,我们的论文概述了使用全世界外部基础设施的现有ITS的情况。因此,本文件讨论了当前的问题和挑战。为此目的,我们根据技术水平对描述ITS现有解决方案的文件进行了文献审查,分析了其硬件系统设置和增值贡献。我们根据技术水平对结果进行了分类,分析了其硬件系统设置和增值贡献。为此,我们将ITS解决方案与当前趋势进行了可比化,并突出了过去的发展情况。我们分析了超过357份文件,包括52个测试床项目。总而言之,目前的ITS可以实时提供有关交通状况中个人的确切信息。然而,对ITS的进一步研究应当侧重于使用现代传感器、插播装置以及确保数字双胞胎的实时分配。通过处理这些议题,发展智能综合运输系统将能够逐步走向发展。
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