This study investigates the impact of spatiotemporal data dimensions on the precision of a wind forecasting model developed using an artificial neural network. Although previous studies have shown that incorporating spatial data can enhance the accuracy of wind forecasting models, few investigations have explored the extent of the improvement owing to different spatial scales in neural network-based predictive models. Additionally, there are limited studies on the optimal temporal length of the input data for these models. To address this gap, this study employs data with various spatiotemporal dimensions as inputs when forecasting wind using 3D-Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN) and assesses their predictive performance. The results indicate that using spatial data of the surrounding area for 3D-CNN training can achieve better predictive performance than using only single-point information. Additionally, multi-time data had a more positive effect on the predictive performance than single-time data. To determine the reasons for this, correlation analyses were used to determine the impact of the spatial and temporal sizes of the training data on the prediction performance. The study found that as the autocorrelation coefficient (ACC) decreased, meaning that there was less similarity over time, the prediction performance decreased. Furthermore, the spatial standard deviation of the ACC also affects the prediction performance. A Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis was conducted to examine the effect of space on the prediction performance. Through the PCC analysis, we show that local geometric and seasonal wind conditions can influence the forecast capability of a predictive model.
翻译:本研究调查了时空数据维度对利用人工神经网络开发的风预测模型精度的影响。尽管先前的研究表明,将空间数据整合到风预测模型中可以提高其准确性,但很少有研究探讨神经网络预测模型中不同空间尺度带来的改进程度;此外,也缺乏针对这些模型输入数据最佳时间长度的研究。为填补这一空白,本研究使用各种时空维度的数据作为预测输入,利用3D卷积神经网络(3D-CNN)预测风的精度,并评估其预测性能。结果表明,使用周围区域的空间数据进行3D-CNN培训可以获得比仅使用单点信息更好的预测性能。此外,多时间数据对预测性能的影响要比单时间数据更积极。为了确定这一点的原因,该研究使用相关性分析确定了训练数据的时空大小对预测性能的影响。结果发现,当自相关系数(ACC)下降时(这意味着随时间过去,相似性较少),预测性能也会下降。此外,空间ACC的标准差也会影响到预测的性能。进行Pearson相关系数(PCC)分析以研究空间对预测性能的影响。通过PCC分析,研究表明,当地的几何和季节性气候条件可以影响预测模型的预测能力。