项目名称: 中国地区气象要素的多时空信息特征研究
项目编号: No.41305059
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2014
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 冯爱霞
作者单位: 国家气象信息中心
项目金额: 25万元
中文摘要: 可预测性和预报可靠性一直是天气和气候预测的核心问题,即研究大气运动的不确定性以及预测结果的不确定性。信息论的理论框架由于能够有效度量不确定性,以及衡量不确定性的减小,从而成为当前研究该问题的强大数学工具。从信息论角度看统计或者动力预报,气象资料是信息源,模型或者模式是信息变换机构,而预报结果是模型或者模式变换后的信息输出。因此要提高预报准确率,就要从增加模型或者模式信息源和减少其信息损耗出发。本项目从增加信息源的角度出发,研究中国地区气象观测要素尤其是降水的信息静态、动态特征,揭示观测要素的信息内在属性,探索观测要素在不同时空尺度上的信息传递特征以及观测要素间的信息转化特征;研究模式的初、边值信息量的理论值和实际值,给出两者间的差异及减少两者间差异的思路和方法。这不仅可以加强可预测性的研究,而且能为模式的资料不足提供定量方法,从而为提高天气气候预测尤其是汛期降水预测提供新途径。
中文关键词: 信息论;信息熵;边值信息;空间分布型;降水
英文摘要: Predictability and forecasting reliability have been the core issues of the weather and climate prediction. That is the uncertainty of the atmospheric motion and the forecast results. The framework of information theory is a powerful mathematical tool to study these problems for its effective measurements of uncertainty and uncertainty decreasing. In the view of information theory, meteorological data is the information source of statistical or dynamical prediction, model or mode is a tool which exchanges information, and the results of the prediction is the output information of the model or mode. So to increase the forecast accuracy, one has to increase the information source of the model or mode and reduce their loss of the input information. From the angle of increasing the source of information, the project will study the static and dynamical information characteristics of the observations over China especially the precipitation, capture the intrinsic information properties of the observations, reveal the information transformation characteristics between different observations and their information transfer characteristics at different spatial and temporal scales. The theoretical and actual amount of the initial and boundary information in the numerical model is studied as well, to give their difference an
英文关键词: Information theory;entropy;boundary information;spatial patterns;precipitation