Human decision-making is plagued by many systematic errors. Many of these errors can be avoided by providing decision aids that guide decision-makers to attend to the important information and integrate it according to a rational decision strategy. Designing such decision aids used to be a tedious manual process. Advances in cognitive science might make it possible to automate this process in the future. We recently introduced machine learning methods for discovering optimal strategies for human decision-making automatically and an automatic method for explaining those strategies to people. Decision aids constructed by this method were able to improve human decision-making. However, following the descriptions generated by this method is very tedious. We hypothesized that this problem can be overcome by conveying the automatically discovered decision strategy as a series of natural language instructions for how to reach a decision. Experiment 1 showed that people do indeed understand such procedural instructions more easily than the decision aids generated by our previous method. Encouraged by this finding, we developed an algorithm for translating the output of our previous method into procedural instructions. We applied the improved method to automatically generate decision aids for a naturalistic planning task (i.e., planning a road trip) and a naturalistic decision task (i.e., choosing a mortgage). Experiment 2 showed that these automatically generated decision-aids significantly improved people's performance in planning a road trip and choosing a mortgage. These findings suggest that AI-powered boosting might have potential for improving human decision-making in the real world.
翻译:人类决策受到许多系统性错误的困扰。许多这些错误可以通过提供指导决策者关注重要信息并依照合理决策战略整合信息的决策辅助工具来避免。设计这种决策辅助工具,过去是一个无聊的人工过程。认知科学的进步可能使这一进程在未来实现自动化。我们最近引入了机器学习方法,以发现人类决策的最佳战略,以及向人们解释这些战略的自动方法。用这种方法构建的决策辅助工具能够改善人类决策。然而,在这种方法生成的描述非常乏味。我们假设,通过将自动发现的决策策略作为一系列自然语言指导来传达如何做出决策,这一问题是可以克服的。实验1表明,人们确实理解这种程序指导比我们先前方法生成的决策辅助工具更容易。受这一发现鼓励,我们开发了一种算法,将我们先前方法的输出转化为程序指令。我们运用了改进的方法,为自然规划任务自动生成了决策辅助工具(例如,规划公路旅行),我们假设这一问题可以通过一系列自然发现来得到解决。 实验1表明,人们确实理解了这种程序指示。我们开发了一种自然主义决策的动力,在进行这种实验中可以明显地选择一种进步的模型。