荒漠区盐生草种子萌发和幼苗生理生态特征对环境因子响应机制研究

项目名称： 荒漠区盐生草种子萌发和幼苗生理生态特征对环境因子响应机制研究

项目编号： No.41301103

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 鲁艳

作者单位： 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 盐生草是在气候极端干旱、高温和土壤盐渍化严重等严酷环境下出现的一种旱中生一年生草本，具有适应荒漠极端环境的能力，在荒漠中常形成层片，对于防风固沙、水土保持等具有重要意义，适宜作荒漠生态系统植被修复的先锋植物。然而，盐生草应对荒漠极端环境的生理生态适应机制尚不清楚。本项目以盐生草为研究对象，分析温度、光照、盐分、土壤水分和沙埋厚度单因素和复合对盐生草种子萌发特性的影响，量化适宜盐生草种子萌发的环境因子阈值，揭示盐生草种子萌发对荒漠环境的适应对策；研究干旱、高温、增强UV-B辐射和盐分单因素和复合对幼苗水分特征、光合特征、活性氧含量、丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量以及盐胁迫下离子分布特征的影响，揭示盐生草对荒漠极端环境的响应及适应机制。本项研究不仅可为荒漠生态系统植被修复和重建提供科学依据，而且其成果对于丰富荒漠植物逆境生理生态学理论具有重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 荒漠环境；荒漠植物；种子萌发；生理响应；生境适应

英文摘要： Xeromorphic annual forb Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C. A. Mey. distributes spontaneously in an extreme harsh desert environment, which characterized by high temperature, high level of salinity and extreme aridity. Accordingly, H. glomeratus had formed an ability to adapt to harsh desert environments. H. glomeratus often forms a momodominant synusia in desert environments, thus, plays an important role in windbreak, sand fixation and water-soil conservation. Thereby H. glomeratus could be taken into account as a pioneer plant for desert ecosystem revegetation. However, the ecophysiological adaptation mechanism of H. glomeratus to extreme harsh desert environment hardly had been reported. This project examined the effects of temperature, light, salinity, soil water content and seed burial depth single or multiple on the germination of H. glomeratus. As a results the threshold of environmental factors appropriate for germination of H. glomeratus could be quantified, meanwhile the germination adaptation mechanism of H. glomeratus to desert environment could be detected. This project also studied the effects of aridity, high temperature, enhanced UV-B radiation and salinity single or multiple on water characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, reactive oxygen species contents, malondialdehyde contents, protect

英文关键词： Desert environment；Desert plant；Seed germination；Physiological response；Habitat adaptation