中国北方海域近海酸化的时空变异及调控- - 典型海域比较

项目名称： 中国北方海域近海酸化的时空变异及调控- - 典型海域比较

项目编号： No.41276061

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 翟惟东

作者单位： 国家海洋环境监测中心

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 近海酸化通常是由于生源颗粒大量耗氧释放CO2而发生。与开阔大洋响应全球大气CO2升高而表现出比较缓慢的酸化进程截然不同的是，近海酸化可在短时间内迅速发展，并且常与贫氧相伴，因而对水生生物造成较大的环境胁迫，易酿成突发性的灾害事件。观测结果表明，季节性的底层耗氧和酸化现象在中国北方各个浅水海域都可以发生，酸化区域的强酸浓度在数月内升高60%-200%，这相当于大洋表层未来50-150年的酸化进程。近海酸化现象在中国北方各个海区的空间分布各有特点，季节变化也不尽相同，本研究拟在渤、黄、东海开展系统的调查研究，通过对比分析不同海区春、夏、秋三季底层溶解氧、pH、碳酸钙饱和度的分布格局及其在重点海区的月际变化，基本阐明中国北方近海海域季节性酸化的时空变异及调控。研究成果对于准确评估我国北方海域的海洋环境状况，以及正确理解高CO2对这些海域的环境效应，都将提供重要依据。

中文关键词： 近海酸化；时空变异；调控机制；比较研究；中国海域

英文摘要： Eutrophication-induced coastal hypoxic waters often have quite low pH values. This coastal acidification is in general a regional and seasonal phenomenon. It is very different from ocean acidification induced by the long-term increase of atmospheric CO2. The latter effect occurs on a global scale and shows a clear tendency. Compared with the typical decline of 0.06 pH units in the upper open ocean in the past 15 years, however, coastal acidification is characterized by a short-term but very sharp pH drop of 0.3 or more pH units on a seasonal timescale, and is usually accompanied by a short supply of dissolved oxygen (DO). Therefore, the eutrophication/hypoxia induced coastal acidification may cause much more stress to marine organisms. We have observed significant coastal acidification associated with different levels of oxygen depletion in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. We have found different seasonal variation of coastal acidification and thereby different controlling mechanisms in different sea area. We are planning to examine seasonal distributions of DO, pH, carbonate system and nutrients in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Changjiang plume influenced northern East China Sea. This study will provides, for the first time, a fully evaluation of coastal acidification in this world's major shel

英文关键词： coastal acidification；spatio-temporal variability；controlling mechanism；comparison study；China Seas