生物炭对水稻土壤微域环境和根功能影响及调控机制研究

项目名称： 生物炭对水稻土壤微域环境和根功能影响及调控机制研究

项目编号： No.31501250

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 高继平

作者单位： 沈阳农业大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 生物炭输入土壤能重塑土壤保水保肥能力、CEC、吸附力和酶活性，影响土壤微生物群落结构和功能，进一步影响根系活力，改变作物产量。然而，不同炭化条件（原材料类型、炭化温度等）所产生的生物炭理化性质差异较大，其对水稻土壤微域环境和根功能的影响也可能不同。针对目前水稻秧苗根系生长不良及高产水稻生育后期根系易早衰等问题，本研究拟选用不同根型粳稻品种、不同性质生物炭、不同输入方式、不同输入炭量为处理，通过秧田期和本田期定位试验，重点研究生物炭对水稻土壤理化特性、土壤微生态、根系形态分布、生理特性和功能代谢等的影响及调控机制。明确生物炭输入方式及输入量、肥料运筹与水稻根系生长的相互关系。探索生物炭调控根系形态生理的长效作用机制。揭示水稻地上和地下部依存制约的互动规律。科学评价生物炭对水稻土壤特性和水稻根系结构与功能的影响，为生物炭创制水稻新型育苗基质、改良稻田土壤、提升稻作生产潜力提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 水稻；生物炭；微域环境；根功能；调控机制

英文摘要： Biochar can rebuild soil water conservation and fertilizer conservation, cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface sorption capacity and soil enzyme activity when added to soil. Biochar additioned to soil also have the potential to influence soil microbial community structure and function, and further affect on root activity and yield. However, biochar have the different properties under different carbonization conditions such as type of materials, carbonization temperature and so on. The different biochar impact on soil microenvironments and root function may different. In view of problems about the root of seedling are poor growth and high-yielding rice root is easy to premature senility in the late growth stage, we selected different root type of japonica rice varieties as materials, different properties biochar, input mode and application rates were treatments. The key research the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microecology, root distribution and physiological characteristics and functional metabolism by location test of the rice before and after transplanting. This experiment makes clear the relationship between different input mode, application rates of biochar, fertilizer management and rice root growth. Explore a long-term mechanism of root morphological and physiological by biochar. Reveal the interaction of dependence and restriction between above-ground and underground of rice. Scientific evaluation the effects of biochar on soil properties and rice root structure and function. Reveal the regulation mechanism of rice root growth by biochar, which to provide a scientific basis for new nursery substrate, paddy soil improvement and improve rice potential productivity.

英文关键词： Rice;Biochar;Microenvironments;Root function;Regulation mechanism