流域不同尺度非点源污染的最佳管理措施配置研究

项目名称： 流域不同尺度非点源污染的最佳管理措施配置研究

项目编号： No.41271495

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王晓燕

作者单位： 首都师范大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 流域尺度的非点源污染控制管理需要综合考虑社会、经济、环境与生态效益等多目标间的权衡，也是目前研究中的难点。最佳管理措施（Best management practices, BMPs）是当前预防和削减农业非点源污染有效手段。以往对BMPs的研究多集中于单一类型或单一空间尺度上的BMPs配置和效益评价，而对不同BMPs组合的综合效益和多尺度BMPs空间配置模式研究缺乏探讨。本项目拟以密云水库上游的潮河流域为研究区，从关键源区识别、BMPs组合优化、BMPs空间配置、费用效益分析等方面着手，应用风险评价、模型模拟和统计学方法，探讨地块、子流域、流域不同尺度上BMPs组合的优化配置模式，构建适合区域特点的非点源污染控制BMPs体系。本项目的研究成果为有效控制非点源污染提供理论依据和技术指导，促进水源地保护和流域健康，有十分重要的科学意义和广泛的应用价值。

中文关键词： 非点源污染；最佳管理措施；空间优化配置；成本效益分析；尺度转换

英文摘要： The effort to manage non-point source pollution at the watershed scale is an ongoing challenge that needs to take into account trade-offs between environmental and economic objectives. Best management practices (BMPs) have been shown to be effective at reducing nutrient and sediment inputs to surface waters. Many studies have focused on a single type or a single spatial scale of the BMPs configuration and benefit evaluation. Nevertheless, the effectiveness in improving water quality at different scale is not clear. And also very little information is currently available demonstrating if a suite of BMPs, when implemented simultaneously, work synergistically or whether some BMPs cancel the NPS pollution reduction benefits of others. The present study attempts to develop a geographical implementation framework for NPS pollution control. This framework is meant to suggest the optimal location for placing multiple BMPs at different spatial scales in watershed, by determining the trade-off among economic and multiple environmental objectives. Chaohe River, one of the drainage watersheds of Miyun Reservoir, is chosen for evaluation of the technique proposed here. This optimization technique incorporates three existing methods：a critical source areas identifier integrated with PI and HSPF model, an aggregated/targeted a

英文关键词： Nonpoint source pollution；Best management practices；Placement and optimization of BMPs；Cost-benefits analysis；spatial scale change