汽油泄漏场地深层包气带土壤中苯系物的微生物降解机理

项目名称： 汽油泄漏场地深层包气带土壤中苯系物的微生物降解机理

项目编号： No.41201516

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 杨苏才

作者单位： 轻工业环境保护研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 苯系物(BTEX)是一类常见的有毒有害化合物，其好氧微生物降解机理的研究一直以来都是国际环境领域的热点。由于许多处于厌氧状态的沉积物和地下水中也存在BTEX污染问题。因此，近些年来BTEX的厌氧微生物降解也开始受到关注。尽管如此，在与其他有机污染物共存条件下BTEX的厌氧微生物降解机理的研究仍然较少。本项目拟以汽油泄漏场地深层包气带土壤为研究对象，采用地质钻探采样技术、实验室常规分析技术和现代分子微生物学手段，并结合数据统计分析方法，研究典型汽油泄漏场地深层包气带土壤中微生物多样性及驱动因子；采用室内厌氧培养方式，研究BTEX 厌氧降解过程中底物（苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯）的相互作用，并考察场地特征因子(Nap、MTBE、土壤水分、营养物质)对BTEX降解的影响。研究结果有助于揭示汽油泄漏场地深层包气带土壤中BTEX的微生物降解机理，可以为汽油泄漏场地包气带土壤的修复提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 汽油；包气带；土壤；苯系物；微生物降解

英文摘要： BTEX is a kind of commonly encountered hazardous compounds. During the past several decades, the aerobic microbial degradation mechanisms of BTEX has been a subject of extensive research in the world. However, BTEX contamination is often present in the anaerobic zones of the environment (i.e. sediment and groundwater). Therefore, microorganisms that degrade BTEX components in the absence of oxygen were also studied in recent years. However, the anaerobic microbial degradation mechanisms of BTEX still remain poorly understood in the coexistence of BTEX and other organic pollutants. This study will collect deep vadose zone soils from the petrol leaked sites, using the drilling sampling techniques. Here, combined molecular biology methods, routine laboratory analysis, and statistical analysis will be used to investigate the diversity and driving factors of the microbial diversity in deep vadose zone soils form the petrol leaked sites. This study will investigate the substrate interactions (individual substrate and BTEX combinations) during anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) in the laboratory microcosms. This study will also investigate the effect of the site characterization factors(Nap, MTBE, Soil moisture, Nutrients) on the degradation of BTEX. The results of the study w

英文关键词： Petrol；Vadose zone；Soil；BTEX；Microbial degradation