城市住宅空调环境需求特性及空调行为模式研究

项目名称： 城市住宅空调环境需求特性及空调行为模式研究

项目编号： No.51278004

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 简毅文

作者单位： 北京工业大学

项目金额： 76万元

中文摘要： 越来越多的研究日益突出了住宅空调行为研究的重要性，此研究的根节点在于从定量角度把握居住者对住宅空调环境的需求特性。由于研究问题的复杂性，现有研究在动态性、多元性以及个体需求差异性等方面，尚没有揭示居住者对中国城市住宅空调环境的真实需求，从而无法完整刻画住宅的空调行为方式。 本项目以北京城市住宅为例，基于现场实测调研数据，围绕住宅夏季的空调开、关行为，系统研究人体对室内热湿环境需求随室内、外环境的动态变化规律，分析并比较人体生理、心理因素对环境需求的影响程度，探讨分析室内温度、湿度及空气品质等多元环境需求的矛盾性以及家庭成员个体环境需求的差异性对空调开、关的影响。从室内、外热湿环境变化、室内空气品质及住户特征等多维的尺度，获得以空调开启和关闭时刻室内温度和湿度表述的住宅空调行为模式。 该研究为建筑环境营造系统面向"以人为本"的设计、住宅空调能耗的合理预测以及空调节能政策的制定奠定理论基础。

中文关键词： 环境热适应；个体差异；空调行为；驱动力；行为模式

英文摘要： Air conditioner usage behaviour and its relation to energy use within the built environment have become more important in recent years. Regarding to the split air conditioning units in the urban residence in China, the indoor environment control has been delegated to occupants to meet their own needs for indoor thermal environment in summer. In this case, research on air conditioner usage behaviour should start with understanding the nature of environmental requirements of occupants. However, the existing research has not provided the insight of environmental requirement in the aspects of dynamic nature, diversity and individual coordinations, and failed to describe the air conditioner usage patterns in urban residence in China. Taking statistically enough residences in Beijing city as examples, some background surveys on occupants themselves and their attitudes to, and experiences of using air conditioners, and also transverse surveys and longitudinal surveys on indoor environment, thermal comfort and indoor environment control behaviours will be conducted in this research. Using the data collected in these surveys, the purposes of this research are as follows: first, to understand the dynamic nature of occupants' needs for indoor air temperature and humidity in real residences with the variation of indoor and

英文关键词： thermal adaptation；individual diversity；air conditioning behavior；driving factors；behavior patterns