长牡蛎caspase-8细胞凋亡和免疫调控功能研究

项目名称： 长牡蛎caspase-8细胞凋亡和免疫调控功能研究

项目编号： No.31302219

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 曲涛

作者单位： 中国科学院海洋研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 细胞凋亡是指多细胞生物中，有选择性的并且可控的细胞死亡过程。细胞凋亡现象由外源性和内源性两条细胞凋亡信号通路调控。Caspase-8是在脊椎动物中普遍存在且高度保守的起始凋亡酶，在外源性细胞凋亡信号通路中发挥了重要的调控作用。然而，在无脊椎动物中是否存在caspase-8和外源性细胞凋亡信号通路还是有争议的。随着牡蛎基因组计划的完成，我们在以牡蛎为代表的软体动物中发现了外源性细胞凋亡信号通路中多个关键组分的同源基因，暗示着无脊椎动物中可能也存在着外源性细胞凋亡信号通路。牡蛎中的caspase-8能否发挥起始凋亡酶的功能，是揭示这一谜底的关键。因此本研究在获得牡蛎caspase-8同源基因的基础上，分析该基因在不同生理和病理条件下的表达模式，研究其在外源性细胞凋亡信号通路和天然免疫信号通路中的功能,为进一步研究软体动物外源性信号通路各组分的功能提供理论基础，具有重要的理论科学意义。

中文关键词： 长牡蛎；细胞凋亡；凋亡酶；外源性细胞凋亡通路；免疫防御

英文摘要： Apoptosis is a fundamental biochemical process for the selective and controlled elimination of cells within multi-cellular organisms. It is regulated by two apoptotic signaling pathways, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Caspase-8 is a widespread and highly conservative initial apoptotic caspase in vertebrate, and plays important regulatory roles in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. However,little is known whether caspase-8 and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway exist in invertebrate. By means of completion of oyster genome project, we have found several homologous genes of extrinsic apoptotic pathway key components in oyster as a representative of mollusks. These results imply that invertebrate may also exist extrinsic apoptosis pathway, and whether Cgcaspase-8 plays the same role as initial caspase in vertebrate will be the answer of the hypothesis. Therefore, on the basis of caspase-8 homologous gene, we will study the expression pattern of Cgcaspase-8 in different physiological and pathological conditions, explore the functions of Cgcaspase-8 in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and innate immune pathway. The results will provide theoretical basis for further study of each components of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in mollusks, and have important theoretical and scientific signi

英文关键词： Oyster；Apoptosis；Caspase；Extrinsic apoptosis；Immune defense