项目名称: 听力基因prestin在回声定位哺乳动物中的功能研究
项目编号: No.31301013
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2014
项目学科: 生物科学
项目作者: 刘振
作者单位: 中国科学院昆明动物研究所
项目金额: 26万元
中文摘要: 回声定位是一种特殊和重要的感觉机制。回声定位哺乳动物能够利用回声定位进行导航、捕食以及识别和定位障碍物,然而人们对其分子机制却知之甚少。最近,我们及其他研究者通过分子进化研究表明,回声定位蝙蝠和齿鲸在听力基因prestin序列上呈现出平行进化的趋势。但是,prestin基因在回声定位哺乳动物中的功能特征目前并不清楚。本项目将结合进化分析的结果,从功能角度深入剖析prestin基因在回声定位哺乳动物中发挥作用的机制。首先,我们将检测回声定位和非回声定位哺乳动物prestin基因功能的差异;其次,由于哺乳动物回声定位性状之间存在很大差异,我们还将分析比较回声定位哺乳动物之间prestin基因功能特征的异同。最后,通过点突变实验,对进化分析鉴定出的潜在功能位点进行功能解析,揭示prestin基因对哺乳动物回声定位起作用的分子机制。
中文关键词: 趋同进化;回声定位;平行进化;适应性进化;蝙蝠
英文摘要: Ecolocation is an important and special sensory mechanism for echolocating mammals to range, locate, and identify objects, yet much less is known about its molecular basis. Recently, evolutionary evidence from our and other studies indicates the parallel evolution of protein sequences of the hearing gene prestin between echolocating bats and whales. However,it is unclear for the functional characteristics of prestin in the echolocating mammals. Here, we are planning to dissect the functioal and molecular mechanisms of prestin for mammalian echolocation, combining with the evolutionary analyses about prestin sequences. First, we will examine the functional differences of prestin between echolocating and non-echolocating mammals. Second, due to the differences of mammalian echolocation,we will determine the different and similar functional characteristics of prestin among echolocating mammals. Finally, the potentially functional sites identified by evolutionary analyses will be verified using point-mutation experiments to reveal the molecular mechanisms of prestin for mammalian echolocation.
英文关键词: convergent evolution;echolocation;parallel evolution;adaptive evolution;bat