中国沿海单针纽虫四科的分类学研究

项目名称： 中国沿海单针纽虫四科的分类学研究

项目编号： No.31471957

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 孙世春

作者单位： 中国海洋大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 纽形动物门是海洋后生动物中研究最薄弱的类群之一，其在分类学方面的欠缺主要表现在：大量未明物种尚未报道；相当数量的已命名种仍缺乏规范、详尽的描述；很多地区与生境仍缺乏对该类群物种多样性的基本了解；系统分类学工作仍处于探索阶段等。单针类是该门动物中多样性最高的一个类群，在我国报道的物种不足国际上已知种类的5%。本项目拟聚焦我国沿海单针纽虫的4个重要科（长吻科、卷曲科、强纽科、耳盲道科），开展形态分类、地理区系研究，重点在于对疑难种的鉴定和未知种的描述，并在迄今工作的基础上，结合对形态和分子信息的分析，探讨相关类群系统发育和分类修订。此工作的开展将为进一步了解我国沿海纽形动物的物种多样性，刻画我国纽形动物的分布和区系特点，解决其分类系统学研究中的混乱和错误，为我国动物志的编写等提供国内急需的第一手资讯和新的科学依据。

中文关键词： 纽形动物门；单针纽虫；分类学；形态学；系统发育

英文摘要： The phylum Nemertea is one of the most poorly known metazoan taxa. Our knowledge about nemertean biodiversity is uneven among different areas of the world, and for many areas the nemertean fauna has never been intensively surveyed. In addition to the ?1280 described species, numerous new-to-science species have been collected from various waters but have not been described. Many nominated taxa have neither been soundly defined nor adequately described. We still do not have a widely accepted taxonomic system for this phylum. The taxon Monostilifera, containing almost 600 species, is a group with the maximum species diversity in Nemertea, whereas only 27 species have been reported from Chinese waters (including questionable records). Forcusing on the families Cratenemertidae, Prosorhochmidae, Emplectonematidae and Ototyphlonemertidae, this project will survey the Monostilifera fauna of China seas. Nemertean species will be described primarily by morphological and histological methods, and sibling species will be deliminated and described by combining morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic trees will be reconstructed for selected taxa based on both michondrial and nuclear DNA sequences using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference. Aims of the project are: to gain a better understanding of the species diversity and zoogeographic patterns of nemerteans in Chinese waters; and to gain new data that may help to establish criteria for identifying closely related species and to revise the taxonomic system of Monostilifera.

英文关键词： Nemertea;Monostilifera;taxonomy;morphology;phylogeny