风险感知的神经计算机制研究

项目名称： 风险感知的神经计算机制研究

项目编号： No.31271169

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王大辉

作者单位： 北京师范大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 在充满风险的现实世界中，准确感知风险是做出恰当选择、获得生存优势的前提。风险感知依靠特定的神经基础，脑成像和电生理实验发现特定区域的神经活动和风险密切相关，例如眶额叶皮层、负责奖惩的中脑基底核、外侧缰核等区域对条件刺激关联的风险特征做出响应。本项目将以实验结果和参与风险决策的皮层-基底核-丘脑-皮层神经环路的解剖结构为基础，建立神经元环路模型，研究神经系统在风险感知过程中执行的神经计算及其动力学机制，具体内容包括：1）在非条件刺激偏离条件刺激提示回报的情况下，多巴胺神经元和外侧缰核神经元产生时相性放电活动的动力学机制；2）在风险环境中，时相性放电活动驱动多巴胺系统和外侧缰核神经元对条件刺激关联的风险特征做出响应的神经计算机制；3）在时相性放电的反复作用下，眶额叶皮层神经元对条件刺激关联的风险特征做出响应的动力学机制。

中文关键词： 时相性活动；风险感知；风险态度；神经回路；计算模型

英文摘要： It is vital for animal to make proper choice based on the correct perception of the risk in the risky real world. The risk correlated neural activity has been extensively obsevered in experiments, such as the phasic activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta(SNpc) and Lateral Habenula(LHb),inverse U shape activity in Orbital prefrontal cortex(OFC) and ventral striatum. However, little is known what kind of neural computation is carried out during the risk perception. To investigate the neural computation during the risk perceiving and mechanism underlying the risk perception, the project will construct a neural circuit model according to the experimental and the anatomic data. The project will solve three problems: 1) The neural computation of phasic activity in SNpc and LHb when the unconditional stimulus differs from what the conditional stimulus represents; 2) The learning mechanism underlying the risk signal in SNpc and LHb responding to the risky conditional stimulus, which is driven by the phasic activity; 3) The dynamic process that OFC neurons can respond to risky conditional stimulus.

英文关键词： phasic activity；risk perception；risk attitude；neural circuit；computational model