连续型地理物理过程模型与GIS的集成

项目名称： 连续型地理物理过程模型与GIS的集成

项目编号： No.41201394

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 张晓祥

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 地理物理过程是指遵循物理规律的地理过程，因为属于物理过程，相应地遵守质量守恒、能量守恒以及动量守恒定律等基本物理定律,如水的运动、潮流运动、台风演进、土壤侵蚀等连续时空运动过程。目前GIS还无法有效地应用于连续型地理物理过程的建模，其原因在于目前的GIS表达方法还无法考虑空间现象在空间和时间上的传播和扩散的连续时空运动特性。研究分三方面进行：(1)研究拟选择差分方程和偏微分方程(PDE)两种概化模型的数理方法来对连续型地理物理过程进行分析建模，实现地理物理过程的通用表达；(2)研究尝试开发地理物理过程的过程描述语言，用以辅助非专家的建模者进行复杂过程的建模；(3)研究拟通过集成目前Python开源偏微分方程求解模块来实现GIS与过程模型的集成,开发基于Python开源库的空间过程建模系统。最终以河海大学经典水文水动力过程模型的GIS建模为案例，证明上述方法的有效性。

中文关键词： 地理物理过程；过程建模；时空模型；地理信息系统；

英文摘要： Linking a GIS to a spatially distributed, physically-based process model offers many advantages.But many problems arise because the relationship between the reality being represented by the mathematical model and the data model used to organize the spatial data in the GIS has not been rigorously defined. In particular, while many physical process models are based on theories that assume continuity and incorporate physical fields as independent variables, current GISs can only represent continuous phenomena in a variety of discrete data models such as space-time cube, sequent snap shots. This research aims at developing and outlining a strategy in which field variables are used to enable modelers to work directly with the spatial data as spatially continuous phenomena.The goal of this research is to better understand requirements of process modeling in order to extend GIS with functionality for process modeling.The following three tasks will be studied in this research: (1) An abstraction from details of quantitative process modeling to identify generic process modeling functionality. Two generalized model of mathematical methods, differential equation and partial differential equation (PDE),are used to modeling the continuity of the geographic physical process model analysis modeling for general representation

英文关键词： Geographic Physical Model；Process Modeling；Spatio-temporal Data Model；GIS；