稻田与鱼/蟹养殖湿地甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的观测比较研究

项目名称： 稻田与鱼/蟹养殖湿地甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的观测比较研究

项目编号： No.41301244

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 刘树伟

作者单位： 南京农业大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）是大气重要温室气体，农业生产方式转变对大气温室气体减排具有较大潜力。本项目以江苏地区典型的常规稻田和长期（＞5年）和近期（1年）由稻田转变来的鱼/蟹养殖湿地为研究对象，通过对常规稻田、鱼塘和蟹塘湿地CH4和N2O的排放通量的原位观测和比较研究。项目将完成：（1）揭示稻田、鱼塘和蟹塘湿地生态系统碳氮过程的周年和年际动态特征及驱动机制；（2）评估常规稻田转变为鱼/蟹养殖湿地对减缓农业源CH4和N2O排放的长期和短期潜力及其一致性；（3）揭示不同农业湿地生态系统土壤碳氮与CH4和N2O排放的微生物学关联机制。研究结果将有助于合理评估我国农业湿地CH4和N2O的排放强度，为寻求常规稻田利用方式转变减缓农业源CH4和N2O排放提供科学依据

中文关键词： 淡水养殖湿地；稻田；农业生产方式转变；甲烷；氧化亚氮

英文摘要： Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two key atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing to global warming. Current shift in agricultural production regime has a high potential in atmospheric GHGs mitigation . This study will be carried out in typical fish/crab farming wetlands，which were converted from conventional paddy fields for more than 5 yrs and 1 yr transition periods, respectively, and with the coventional paddy fields as control in Jiangsu area. Annual fluxes of CH4 and N2O are simultaneously measured under the three agricultural production regimes. The study will address the following items as listed:(ⅰ) To reveal the annual and interannual dynamics of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen processes as well as their underlying driving mechanisms in conventional paddies and fish/crab farming wetlands. (ⅱ) To evaluate the effects of agricultual land use shifting from conventional paddy fields to fish/crab cultured wetlands on mitigation of the net global warming potential derived from CH4 and N2O on different transition time scales and their consistency.(ⅲ) To reveal the soil microbial mechanisms associated with CH4 and N2O emissions under different agricultural wetland ecosystems. The results of this study would be conducive to reasonal estimation of CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural wetland e

英文关键词： Aquaculture wetland；Paddy field；Shift in agricultural production regime；Methane；Nitrous Oxide