脐橙与葡萄柚体细胞杂种的基因组倍性效应及果实品质特征

项目名称： 脐橙与葡萄柚体细胞杂种的基因组倍性效应及果实品质特征

项目编号： No.31272133

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 郭文武

作者单位： 华中农业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 针对柑橘常规育种中存在的珠心胚干扰等生殖障碍，以及我国特色柑橘的遗传改良，申请人多年来创制了一大批柑橘体细胞杂种，这些新种质已陆续开花结果并用于育种实践。田间反馈的信息表明，柑橘体细胞杂种果实的许多性状未出现预期的亲中值，而表现超亲或亲本偏向性现象；该现象可能与异源多倍体化过程中的基因组倍性效应和异源胞质有关。本项目拟以"朋娜脐橙（高糖、低酸、果肉橙黄）+ 红玉葡萄柚（低糖、高酸、果肉红色）"异源四倍体体细胞杂种及其二倍体胞质杂种为试材，揭示其基因组倍性效应（通过基因组相关序列、反转录转座子活动、甲基化水平和miRNAs表达谱分析）和果实品质特征（通过糖、酸、类胡萝卜素含量测定及相关基因表达、果实代谢谱分析），并探讨基因组倍性效应和异源胞质（线粒体）与果实品质之间的联系。本项目前期研究基础扎实，试材独特，将为细胞工程技术进一步用于柑橘品种改良提供理论支撑。

中文关键词： 柑橘；体细胞杂种；基因组倍性效应；果实品质；代谢组

英文摘要： To solve those reproductive barriers such as nucellar polyembryony in citrus conventional breeding and to promote citrus variety improvement in China, the applicant have created a large number of citrus somatic hybrids and other new germplasm in the past years. These new germplasm have successively flowered and set fruits, and were already used in breeding practice. The feedback information in the field indicated that many characters of these somatic hybrid fruits showed heterobeltiosis or parental bias and mid-parent characters were not presented in some cases. This phenomenon might be correlated with genomic ploidy effect and allocytoplasmic effect in the process of allopolyploidization. Aiming to reveal the genomic ploidy effect and fruit quality characteristics, comparisons will be made between two diploid parents, i.e. Bonanza navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) which possessed high sugar and low organic acid with orange yellow pulp, Red Blush grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) with low sugar, high organic acid and red pulp, and their respective somatic hybrid and diploid cybrid obtained from protoplast fusion. We will analyse related genome sequences, retrotransposon activation, DNA methylation level and miRNAs expression profile and evaluate the content of sugar, organic acid and carotenoid related gene e

英文关键词： Citrus；Somatic hybrid；Genomic ploidy effect；Fruit quality；Metabolomics