气泡模板法电沉积三维多孔金属膜过程调节、理论分析与构效控制

项目名称： 气泡模板法电沉积三维多孔金属膜过程调节、理论分析与构效控制

项目编号： No.51274180

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 王明涌

作者单位： 中国科学院过程工程研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 多孔金属薄膜拥有高的比表面积，用其作为电极材料有利于充分发挥电极的反应潜力。以金属电沉积过程析氢副反应产生的氢气泡为模板，一步电沉积多孔金属膜具有工艺简单、结构和性能易调控等优点。然而，目前气泡模板法电沉积多孔膜的科学实质尚不清楚，且该法难以适用于电沉积铁族金属（Ni、Fe等）多孔膜。本项目在考察不同类型基体与沉积金属匹配电沉积金属膜规律性的基础上，以电沉积镍基多孔膜为模型，借助超重力技术强化电化学反应的特点，在常规条件难以达到的尺度范围内，探明超重力对金属电沉积过程氢气泡析出特性和金属电结晶动力学的作用规律，解析气泡特性和电结晶动力学及其协同效应与电沉积多孔膜的内在关系，并结合突起生长理论，阐明气泡模板法电沉积金属多孔膜的共性科学实质。在此基础上，解明镍基多孔膜结构与析氢性能间的调控关系。本项目将为突破气泡模板法的局限性，建立具有普适性的制备多孔功能薄膜的通用电化学方法提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 多孔膜；氢气泡；电沉积；超重力；电催化

英文摘要： Porous metal films as electrode materials are beneficial to play sufficiently electrochemical reaction potential on electrode surface due to high specific surface area. Porous metal films can be electrodeposited by using hydrogen bubbles as template from hydrogen evolution secondary reaction during metal electrodeposition. The advantages of bubble template method are simple process and easier control for structure and properties of metal films. However, the scientific essence to electrodeposit porous films is unclear. In addition, it is difficult for iron group metals porous films to be electrodeposited by bubble template. Aiming at above bottleneck problems, the regularity that various metals are electrodeposited on different substrates is studied. Based on the enhancement of electrochemical reaction by super gravity field, the action laws of super gravity field on hydrogen bubble characteristics and electrocrystallization kinetics during metal electrodeposition are investigated in more wide range, which can not be achieved under normal condition. Furthermore, the internal relationships between formation of porous metal films and synergistic effect of bubble characteristics and electrocrystallization kinetics are elucidated. Combining with protrusion growth theory, the universal scientific essence of porous met

英文关键词： Porous film；Hydrogen bubble；Electrodeposition；Super gravity field；Electrocatalysis