项目名称: 材料性质全量子第一性原理模拟方法的发展及其在凝聚态物理中的应用
项目编号: No.11275008
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 数理科学和化学
项目作者: 李新征
作者单位: 北京大学
项目金额: 80万元
中文摘要: 材料性质的模拟,依据玻恩-奥本海默近似,可归结为电子结构的计算和原子核运动的描述两个层面的内容,其目的是准确重复实际系统在所有自由度的进动。目前国际上非常盛行的一个方法是基于第一性原理电子结构计算的分子动力学。该方法中,电子系统的第一性原理计算保证了电子结构的质量,而对原子核的经典近似,却令其在对与核量子效应相关的性质描述中(如氢键的同位素依赖性、生物分子中的质子输运等),完全丧失了功能。材料性质的全量子模拟(含核量子效应),也因此成为近年来计算物理方法发展的一个前沿。本研究项目计划使用路径积分方法发展一个基于第一性原理电子结构计算的全量子模拟程序,实现对实际材料核量子效应的准确模拟。与方法的发展相结合,我们也将对高压下氢相图、真实系统零点能计算、质子传输、核量子效应对水及其溶液结构的影响等物理问题进行准确、系统的描述。在发展一个强大的材料性质全量子模拟工具的同时,解决一些基本的物理问题。
中文关键词: 核量子效应;路径积分;第一性原理;高压;相图
英文摘要: Theoretical description of material properties, according to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, can be categorized into two main tasks: an accurate ab-initio description of the electronic structures and a proper treatment of the nuclei's movement on the corresponding potential energy surfaces (PESs). As one of the most powerful methods on fulfilling such tasks, standard ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) normally addresses the electronic states well enough. The treatment of the nuclei's propagation, however, stays on the level of the classical approximation where only the thermal effects are included. It is well-known that for light elements like hydrogen, when the distance between the two classical PES minima of one nucleus is short enough to be comparable to the nuclear de Broglie wavelength, the quantum nuclear effects (QNEs) can be really important. As a prominent example, replacing H by D in water, one of the most ubiquitous matters on earth, basic properties like the melting and boiling points can be significantly changed. Properly describing phenomena like these requires a fully quantum treatment of both the electrons and the nuclei. In this project, we aim to provide such a tool by combining the path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) method with one of the best all-electron ab-initio electronic structu
英文关键词: nuclear quantum effects;path integral;first-principle;high pressure;phase diagram