特异茶树花不育机理研究与分子标记开发

项目名称： 特异茶树花不育机理研究与分子标记开发

项目编号： No.31460216

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 梁名志

作者单位： 云南省农业科学院

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 茶树是叶用植物，茶树栽培的目的是收获其营养器官--芽叶。茶树枝叶生长繁茂是茶园高产、稳产的前提。但是，生殖生长会抑制茶树的营养生长、加速茶树的衰老，降低茶叶产量与品质等。为此，开展茶树花不育机理研究，开发不育基因的分子标记，揭示茶树不育奥秘，将有助于茶树种质创新、品种改良以及解决一系列育种、生产实践问题提供科学依据和理论基础。本项目拟采用RNA-seq技术分别对正常花（父本、母本）、不育花（子代）进行转录组测序，一是对3个样本转录组进行数字基因表达谱分析，研究差异基因的数量和种类；二是筛选不育基因并进行全长cDNA克隆与功能鉴定，同时利用荧光定量PCR研究其表达特征；三是对转录组数据进行SSR以及SNP分析，开发不育基因的SSR标记以及SNP标记。通过这些研究，不仅丰富了茶树转录数据、阐明了茶树不育机理，而且为不育茶树品种辅助选育、新基因发掘以及杂种优势研究提供基础材料和理论依据。

中文关键词： 茶树花；转录组测序；不育机理；功能鉴定；分子标记开发

英文摘要： Tea was the plant only uses leaves. The purpose of cultivation was to obtain their vegetative organs-bud leaves. The flourish prosperous tea branches and leaves are the precondition for the high and stable yield. However, the reproductive growth could reduce its own vegetative growth, speed up aging, reduce the yield and quality. Therefore, research on sterility mechanism and exploitation of molecular markers of sterility gene will help tea germplasm enhancement, variety improving and provide a theoretical basis and practice foundation for the tea production and breeding. In this project, the transcriptome of normal flowers (male parent, female parent) and sterility flowers (offspring) are deeply sequenced through RNA-seq technology. After that, the differential expression patterns of these three samples were determined by the digital gene expression profile and the different gene quantity, variety and function were analyzed; screening and full length cDNA cloning of sterility genes and the expression characteristics by quantitative PCR are also performed; the SSR and SNP analysis is produced to exploit the SSR and SNP markers for sterility genes. Through these studies, we can enrich the tea tree transcriptome, illustrate the sterility mechanism and also provide the basis materials and theoretical foundation for the breeding, gene exploitation and heterosis research of the infertility tea species.

英文关键词： tea [Camellia sinensis (L.)O.Kuntz] flower;transcripts sequencing;sterile mechanism;functingal indentification;Development of Molecular Markers