北方半干旱区典型流域土地利用变化的水文效应

项目名称： 北方半干旱区典型流域土地利用变化的水文效应

项目编号： No.41201027

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 方秀琴

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 土地利用变化的水文效应是全球变化交叉研究的热点，基于物理机制的分布式水文模型与GIS、RS等现代技术的结合及应用是该领域的重要方向。针对目前我国分布式水文模型缺乏流域下垫面时空变异信息以及与3S技术结合较薄弱等问题，本项目着眼于RS和GIS技术与SWAT模型的集成，选择北方半干旱区典型流域，通过野外观测和试验构建适宜的模型数据库，采用GIS技术改进SWAT降雨输入，利用MODIS反演的流域实际蒸散发及流量观测数据进行参数优化，从而实现高精度的SWAT模拟；在多源遥感信息融合及GIS空间分析技术实现自上世纪70年代至今的LUCC动态监测与制图的基础上，基于遥感监测、水文建模和水文气象观测时间序列数据，从多个层面分析水文过程诸因子对LUCC的定量响应。该研究有助于改进LUCC的水文效应研究，揭示LUCC对北方半干旱区水循环的影响机理，为我国北方半干旱区水资源调配和生态环境修复提供科学支持。

中文关键词： 土地利用；分布式水文模型；遥感监测；北方半干旱区；水文效应

英文摘要： Hydrological response to land use and land cover change (LUCC) is a hot spot in related cross-disciplinary global change researches. The integration and application of physically based, distributed hydrological models and GIS, RS, and other modern technology is an important direction in this field. However, there is a lack of spatiotemporal surface information and weak coupling with 3S technology in spatially distributed hydrological modeling in China. Aiming at the above deficiencies and focusing on the integration of SWAT hydrological model with GIS and RS techniques, this research selects a typical semi-arid northern catchment (the Laohahe River basin) as a case study to quantitatively investigate the impacts of LUCC on surface hydrology in semi-arid North China. Field measurements and experiments of vegetation and soil are applied to build a suitbale model database. The input of precipitation in SWAT model is improved using GIS spatial analysis and programming techniques. The spatiotemporal actual evapotranspiration distribution is estimated from MODIS images and used to calibrate SWAT model in addition to observed discharge data. Highly precise SWAT simulation will be achieved based on the above efforts. Based on LUCC maps during 1970s-2000s interpreted from multi-source remote sensing information and GI

英文关键词： land use；distributed hydrological model；remote sensing；semi-arid North China；hydrological response