老年驾驶人风险感知及临界反应能力研究

项目名称： 老年驾驶人风险感知及临界反应能力研究

项目编号： No.71461015

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 管理科学

项目作者： 郭凤香

作者单位： 昆明理工大学

项目金额： 35万元

中文摘要： 老年驾驶人驾驶能力的增龄性衰退是引发交通事故的因素之一。老年人的风险感知及临界反应能力是最重要的驾驶能力之一，而以往对老年人驾驶能力的研究主要是在静态条件下，忽略了动态交通环境的重要性。本项目以危险场景中老年驾驶人的风险感知和临界反应特性为切入点，应用心理测量范式、仿真技术及认知心理学相关理论，构建基于交通危险场景的老年驾驶人风险感知与反应的测试实验；通过被试的实验数据采集及分析，实现老年驾驶人的风险感知和临界反应能力的数量化描述；从老年驾驶人对风险信息的辨别力和对风险度的判断标准两个方面分别构建老年驾驶人的风险敏感性及反应阈限模型；搭建临界情况下老年驾驶人应急制动及转向模型；综合研究老年人驾驶能力增龄性衰退的影响因素及年龄对驾驶人风险感知和临界反应能力的影响机理。项目研究可为交通管理设施的设置和交通安全管理政策的制定以及老年人驾驶能力的深入研究提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 老年驾驶人；风险感知；临界反应；生理心理特性；驾驶行为

英文摘要： age-related decline of the older drivers' Driving ability is one of the factors that lead to accidents. Hard perception and critical response capacity of the elderly is one of the most important driving ability , but most previous studies about elderly driving ability is mainly on the basis of static conditions, the importance of the dynamic traffic environment was ignored. This project will choose a new angle of older drivers' hard perception and critical reaction characteristics of risk driving situations to study. By applying the psychometric paradigm, simulation technologies and cognitive psychology theories, the drivers' hard perception and response experiment based risk driving situations will be constructed. By the collection and analysis of the experimental data, to achieve quantitative description of the elderly drivers' hard perception and critical reaction capacity. To construct old drivers' hard sensitivity and response threshold model respectively both from discrimination and judging criteria to the risk information. To build older drivers' emergency braking and steering models in critical situation. To investigate the factors that affect the age-related decline of driving abilities and study the mechanism that effect of age on the ability of hard perception and critical reaction comprehensivly. This research projects can provide theoretical basis for further research about older driver 's driving ability, for the settings of the traffic facilities, and for the development of traffic safety management policy.

英文关键词： older driver;hard perception;critical response;Physiological and psychological characteristics;Driving behavior