三相混行交通流临界相变高阶模型与实证研究

项目名称： 三相混行交通流临界相变高阶模型与实证研究

项目编号： No.51468034

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 钱勇生

作者单位： 兰州交通大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 本课题从解决传统交通流基本图理论与三相交通流理论的分歧点入手，选取多条具有混行交通流临界相变特征的路段，运用视频采集、人工观测与电子追踪相结合的方法进行数据采集，构建个体车辆交通流临界高阶数学模型，从微观角度逐一解析两种理论在临界现象与相变模式方面存在的争议。依托高阶数学模型，考虑两种理论经典仿真模型及Z字与双Z字相变过程，建立新的元胞自动机仿真模型，通过合理设置混行车流的相关参数，模拟从自由流相、同步流相到宽堵塞运动相三者之间的动态演化过程，旨在消除两种理论争议点的基础上，补充和完善两种临界相变理论的不足。选取特定高速路段、城市路段与交通试验场，进行可控性交通流实验，以弥补被动观测存在的欠缺，根据数据反馈结果对比，验证仿真模型的合理性，确保数学模型的科学性和可靠性，为进一步提高道路通行能力，增加道路交通稳定性与安全性提供技术支持。

中文关键词： 三相交通流；高阶数学模型；元胞自动机；可控交通流实验

英文摘要： In order to resolve the disputes between the classical theories based on the fundamental diagram of traffic flow and the three-phase traffic theory, a variety of express highways which have the characteristics of mixed traffic flow and critical phase transition has been chosen for the research in this paper. Through collecting the vehicle data by means of video captures, manual observations and electronic tracking, we established a high-order mathematical model for this traffic flow critical phase transition, with the intention of resolving the divergence of the two theories at critical phenomenon and model of phase transition in a microcosmic aspect. With the aid of the high-order mathematical model, considering the classical simulation models of the two theories and the phase changing process of 'Z' phase and double 'Z' phase, we established a new cellular automata simulation model (CA Model). Setting the reasonable parameters of the mixed traffic flow, this CA model could simulate the free flow, the synchronized flow, as well as the wide moving jam, which might eliminate the disputes of the two theories and amend the shortcomings of them and improve it further. Finally, in order to make up the deficiency and the limitations of the passive observations, we have done a plenty of controllable traffic flow experiments by selecting randomly the expressway sections, the urban roads and some traffic testing areas. By comparison with the results of the feedback data, we expect to prove the correctness and reasonableness of the simulation model and the mathematical model, to provide technical support for further enhancing the road capacity and increasing the stability and the security of road traffic.

英文关键词： Three-phase Traffic Flow;High-order Mathematical Model;Cellular Automaton;Controlled Traffic Flow Experiment