水稻种子中多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成调控机制

项目名称： 水稻种子中多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成调控机制

项目编号： No.31301295

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 刘华梁

作者单位： 中国科学院植物研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 植物多不饱和脂肪酸（亚油酸与α-亚麻酸）既是人们必需营养成份，又与植物抗逆性密切相关。植物多不饱和脂肪酸的合成是一个复杂的过程，很多基因参与了这一过程。Δ12脂肪酸脱氢酶（FAD）和Δ15FAD是植物多不饱和脂肪酸合成的关键酶，均由多个基因编码，其功能研究主要集中在拟南芥和少数油料植物中，水稻中相关研究很少。本研究拟从水稻中各克隆三个Δ12FAD和Δ15FAD基因，通过胚和胚乳特异性过量表达和抑制这些基因的表达，明确在种子中起主导作用的Δ12FAD和Δ15FAD基因。同时鉴定这些基因表达的时空特性，筛选获得调控这些基因表达的顺反式作用因子，探讨ABA对这些基因表达的作用，对于系统解析水稻中多不饱和脂肪酸合成的调控机制具有重要理论意义，同时为利用生物技术手段培育α-亚麻酸高含量及抗逆性增强的水稻品种提供新的种质资源，具有重要应用价值。

中文关键词： 多不饱和脂肪酸；脂肪酸脱氢酶；调控机制；功能基因；水稻

英文摘要： Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, from plant are not only essential in human health and nutrtion, but also closly related to stress resistance in plants.PUFA synthesis in plants proceeds by a number of genes. 12FAD and 15FAD, as the key enzymes catalyzing oleic acid and linoleic acid conversion to linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, are encoded by multiple genes.Presently, functional analyses of them are mainly focused on Arabidopsis and a few oil crops, relative research in rice has hardly been reported. In this study, three Δ12FADs and Δ15FADs will be isolated from rice and introduced into rice under the control of an embryo or endosperm-specific promoter to test the role of each Δ12FAD and Δ15FAD in rice seeds. Simultaneously,spatial and temporal expression pattern of Δ12FAD and Δ15FAD will be identified.In addition, we will then screen cis- acting elements and trans-acting factors of Δ12FAD and Δ15FAD and examine effect of abscisic acid on expression of these genes. Implementation of this research would be of great theoretical significance to unreval the regulatory mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in rice and would be practically significant in providing new germplasm resources for breeding rice cultivar with higher α-linolenic acid content and stronge

英文关键词： polyunsaturated fatty acid；fatty acid desaturase；regulatory mechanism；functional gene；rice