言语产生中语义效应的发生机制：行为与事件相关电位研究

项目名称： 言语产生中语义效应的发生机制：行为与事件相关电位研究

项目编号： No.61463023

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 方燕红

作者单位： 井冈山大学

项目金额： 47万元

中文摘要： 言语产生中语义效应的发生机制是理解人类言语产生过程不可或缺的内容。针对当前研究者关于语义效应发生实质的理解分歧颇大的现状，本项目拟综合使用行为研究和事件相关电位（ERP）研究，探讨语义效应的影响因素及神经基础，揭示语义效应的发生机制，为解决理论之争提供广泛的行为实验证据和脑科学证据。具体研究内容有四：第一，考察语言属性和语言类型等客观因素对语义效应的影响，明确语义效应的语言普通性与语言特异性；第二，探讨主体的干扰抑制能力对语义效应的影响，明确语义效应发生的主、客观条件；第三，对照某些行为实验，利用ERP技术探查语义效应在言语产生中的发生阶段，明确其神经基础；第四，利用元分析方法，综合分析语义效应的发生机制，构建综合模型。这一模型由于综合考虑了主、客观因素的影响，结合了行为研究和ERP研究的结果，它的建构对于丰富语义效应理论、理解言语产生过程具有重要意义，对自然语言信息处理有重要的参考价值。

中文关键词： 言语产生；语义效应；图-词干扰范式

英文摘要： Semantic effects in speech production is a fundmental component in the understanding of lexical retrieval and speech production processes.A major form to study semantic effects is the picture-word interference paradigm (PWI). In the standard version of this paradigm, participants are instructed to name a picture of common object while ignoring a distractor word superimposed on it . It is a well-established finding that participants are slower to name the picture when the distractor word comes from the same semantic category as the target word (e, g., for a picture of a dog, target utterance dog; distractor word cat) than when the distractor word comes from a different semantic category(e.g.,TREE-dog).This phenomenon is called semantic interference effects(SIE).Further studies show that seamntically related distractors will also facilitate the latencies of picture naming, which is referred to as semantic facilitation effects(SFE). There is debate about the nature and locus of the semantic effects. So it is necessary for futher study to explore more other factors that will bring great influence on semantic effects and construct a comprehensive model. In this project, we will combine the methods of behaviour and cognitive neruosccience research(ERP) to investigate the cognitive and neural mechansim of semantic effects in PWI in 4 part. Part 1 will study the role of language on semantic effects by exploring the picture naming features of bilinguistism and bimodal bilingualism . The influence of the subject variables will be studied in Part 2. Those variables include age, working memory capacity, vividness of visual imagery and verbal fluency. By this part, we can find the relationship bewteen the ability of interference suppresion and semantic effect. Part 3 will explore the neural mechanism of semantic effect in ERP study which will tell us the time course of semantic effect during languae production. A comprehensive model of semantic effect in PWI paradigm will be constructed at the end of this project which shows great flexibility because it can explain almost experimental results found in this project and previous studies.The comprehensive model will show that semntice effects are caused by competition as well as response exclusion and will appear at several levels in language production. Which mechanism acts is determined by the factors that influence semantic effects. This model has great implication of the lexical retrieval during language production.

英文关键词： speech production;semantic effects;picture-word interference paradigm