新型邻菲罗啉酰胺类配体的设计及其对放射性废液中锕系元素的提取研究

项目名称： 新型邻菲罗啉酰胺类配体的设计及其对放射性废液中锕系元素的提取研究

项目编号： No.21477130

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 吴群燕

作者单位： 中国科学院高能物理研究所

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 随着核能的快速发展，核燃料循环产生的大量放射性废液可能对环境造成严重危害。放射性废液的安全高效处置关系到核能可持续发展的关键科学问题，也是环境科学领域急待解决的热点和难点问题之一，其中锕系元素的有效分离又是核废液处理中的关键课题。为提高分离效率、简化分离流程和减少二次废物，非常有必要设计提出从放射性废液中组分离锕系元素的单一萃取剂。本项目拟以刚性邻菲罗啉为骨架，引入其他含氮或氧官能团，从分子水平模拟筛选萃取剂结构，实验设计合成高效邻菲罗啉酰胺萃取剂；采用UV-Vis、FL、ESI-MS、NMR和EXAFS等光谱学方法研究邻菲罗啉酰胺与镧锕阳离子的相互机理研究，结合理论模拟和真实废液中对锕系阳离子的萃取行为以及基本工艺参数对其萃取行为的影响规律，建立萃取剂结构与萃取性能/选择性之间的构效关系，最终提出采用单一萃取剂邻菲罗啉酰胺从放射性废液中直接组分离锕系元素的概念流程。

中文关键词： 镧锕分离；邻菲罗啉；酰胺；理论模拟；放射性核素

英文摘要： With the development of nuclear energy, large amounts of radioactive wastewater by nuclear fuel cycle release into environment and probably cause serious chemical and radioactive toxicity. Therefore, safe and effective treatment and disposal of radioactive wastewater is the critical science problem of the sustainable developmeng of nuclear energy. It is also the hot and difficult problem to be solved in the field of environment.The separation of actinides from nuclear waste is one of the key subjects. In order to inprove the separation efficiency, simplify the separation process, and reduce the secondary waste, it is very necessary to propose a solvent extraction process to separate actinides directly from the radioactive wastewater using single extractant. This project intends to design and synthesize effective phenanthroline amide extractants first with the help of quantum chemical calculations. Then, the interaction mechanism of actinides/lanthanides and phenanthroline amide ligands wil be studies by UV-Vis, FL, ESI-MS, NMR, and EXAFS. Additionally, the effect of experimental conditions (temperature, concentration, contact time, radiation, etc.) on the extraction behavior of actinides and lanthanides by phenanthroline amide ligands will also beinvestigated, which is expected to obtain the structure-property relationship between the chemical structure of the ligands and extraction ability of selectivity. This work is devoted to propose a conceptual grouped actinides separation process using a single phenanthroline amide extractant.

英文关键词： Lanthanides/Actinides separation;Phenanthroline;Amide;Theoretical simulation;Radionuclides