夏玉米花期弱光逆境对籽粒及产量形成的影响机理

项目名称： 夏玉米花期弱光逆境对籽粒及产量形成的影响机理

项目编号： No.U1304405

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王秀萍

作者单位： 河南省气象科学研究所

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 玉米是我国第一大粮食作物，在保障国家粮食安全上有举足轻重的地位。河南省是我国第一粮食生产大省，玉米是河南省种植面积最大、总产最高的秋粮作物，阴雨寡照是该省玉米生长季常见的气象灾害之一。国内外同类研究认为花期光辐射不足是限制玉米籽粒和产量形成的主要障碍因子，但有关花期弱光逆境影响玉米产量形成的机理及两者间的定量关系至今尚不明确。本项目拟开展花期遮光控制试验，通过设置不同的处理天数来模拟花期弱光逆境持续时间对玉米籽粒形成及与之密切有关的生理生态过程（如叶片光合作用、干物质积累与分配、同化物转运关键物质含量及关键酶活性、雄花逐日散粉量、花粉活力、雌穗动态发育特征、受精结实率等）的影响，并建立穗粒数和产量对花期太阳辐射的响应函数，筛选出花期弱光逆境下影响玉米籽粒形成的关键生理指标，以期明确花期弱光逆境影响夏玉米籽粒和产量形成的动态规律和生理机制，为玉米产量预报、玉米生产管理和政府决策提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 夏玉米；弱光；太阳辐射；籽粒形成；产量

英文摘要： Maize is the highest yield grain crop and plays an important role in ensuring food security in China. Henan is the most important grain production province. And maize is the largest cultivated autumn grain crop with the highest total grain yield. Insufficient solar radiation is one of the most important meteorological disasters for maize production due to the prolonged overcast/rainy days. Previous studies showed that insufficient solar radiation happened during flowering has the most detrimental effects on kernel set and yield formation. However, quantitative relationship between solar radiation during flower and yield is unclear, and mechanism of failure of kernel set lead by insufficient solar radiation is unknown. This project is aimed to determine the quantitative relationship between solar radiation during flowering and yield, and elucidate the mechanism of the failure of kernel set lead by solar radiation limitation. So a light control experiment during flowering by shading lasts different days will be conducted. Leaf photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and distribution, assimilation transport related key metabolism components and enzymes, pollen daily shedding quantity, pollen activity, ear development character, fertilization rate and seed setting rate will be investigated. Then the function of kern

英文关键词： summer maize；low light；solar radiation；kernel set；yield