三维微纳米阵列锂电池硅负极的全电沉积法制备及形貌效应研究

项目名称： 三维微纳米阵列锂电池硅负极的全电沉积法制备及形貌效应研究

项目编号： No.21303100

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 杭弢

作者单位： 上海交通大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 开发具有更高比容量、更长循环寿命的新型负极材料是锂电池研究的重要课题之一。其中硅基负极材料由于具有最高理论比容量和价格低廉等优点而备受关注。然而硅负极在嵌脱锂过程中，由于其巨大的体积变化，随着利用次数的增加，电极颗粒相互之间以及电极和集电体之间失去电接触，从而导致电极崩塌失效。基于上述现状，本项目结合申请人开发的金属微纳米阵列材料的定向电结晶制备方法，以及应用前景广泛的硅合金薄膜电沉积技术，拟研制具有三维微纳米阵列结构的锂电池硅负极，使锂电池充放电效率和循环寿命得到明显提高。并通过材料表征及电化学分析，深入研究特殊结构硅负极的电化学性能随微观形貌/尺寸的变化规律，揭示电极形貌对电池性能的影响机理。为三维微纳米阵列结构在锂电池电极材料中的应用提供技术思路和理论基础。

中文关键词： 硅基复合物；电沉积；锂离子电池；三维集流体；纳米结构

英文摘要： The search for novel anode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries has intensified over recent years to meet the demand of high working potential, high capacity and long durability. Silicon is a promising candidate for electrodes due to its large theoretical energy density and low cost. However, silicon experiences a large volume change during lithium ion insertion and extraction, which leads to severe silicon particle pulverization, loss of contact with the current collector, and subsequent electrode failure. To solve this problem, this project combines the unique micro-nanostructure array fabricating method developed by the applicant, with the technique of electroplating Si film from organic solution, to develop a novel micro-nanostructure array supported Si anode for lithium battery. The project will also study the relationship between the electrochemical properties and the morphologies of the electrode by materials characterization and electrochemical analysis. The enhance mechanism of this high performance Si anode with this unique structure will also be discussed to provide both the theoretical and practical experiences for the application of micro-nanostructure array materials in lithium battery.

英文关键词： Si based composite；electrodeposition；lihtium ion battery；3D current collector；nanostructure