多级孔氢氧化铝锂盐吸附剂的合成和性能研究

项目名称： 多级孔氢氧化铝锂盐吸附剂的合成和性能研究

项目编号： No.21471157

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 温现明

作者单位： 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 锂电是本世纪最有前途的一种新能源技术，在今后数十年内将为全球锂需求带来强劲增长。吸附法提锂具有选择性好、收率高、环境友好的优点，是高效回收低品位锂资源最有应用前景的技术。目前针对氢氧化铝系列吸附剂的研究均以块体材料进行，如何在纳米尺度对吸附材料或其前驱体的孔结构、尺寸及表面性质进行设计以提高其吸附容量、改善吸附动力学，乃至吸附材料化学和热稳定性，仍是该领域的难题。以表面活性剂为模板，铝盐和NaOH为原料，进行水热反应，采用模板、热力学控制和自组装等调控手段，制得介孔Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3纳米管等新结构；在此基础上植入氯化锂，制成多级孔锂盐吸附剂，研究其吸附-解吸机理和动力学特征；并采用含锂卤水对颗粒吸附剂进行实验，测试其性能，以期在吸附-解吸动力学、吸附容量和循环寿命等方面获得提高。系统开展具有多级孔分布的氢氧化铝系列吸附剂的合成和性能研究，是提高该类吸附剂性能的一种新途径。

中文关键词： 多级孔；氢氧化铝；锂盐；吸附剂；纳米尺度

英文摘要： As the most promising technology for utilizing new energy resources in this century, lithium ion batteries are boosting a strong growth momentum in the coming decades. Lithium extraction by selective sorption merits superior selectivity, high yield, and eco-friendliness, rendering the technology the most prospective solution for the exploitation of less economic lithium resources. To date, studies on the aluminum hydroxide series of adsorbents have been focused on lump materials. There still lies the issue of how to design the pore structure, sizing, and surface properties of the adsorbent or its precursor on a nanoscale, so that its sorption capacity, exchange kinetics, and chemical and heat stabilities could be improved. In the present study, new structures of Al(OH)3 materials such as mesoporous Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)3 nanotubes with multilevel pore sizes from nano to micron will be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using combined controlling techniques including templates, thermodynamics and supramolecular self-assembly, with aluminum salts and sodium hydroxide as reacants and surfactants as templates. The resulting materials will then be impregnated with LiCl/LiOH by liquid reaction under room temperature, whereby hierarchical porous lithium aluminate adsorbents are prepared. The sorption-desorption mechanism and kinetic characteristics will then be investigated, especially with respect to the distribution of pore sizes, for optimizing the performance of the adsorbents. Besides, the performance of particulate lithium aluminate adsorbents will be tested with lithium-containing brines to facilitate improvements in the preparation procedures, especially with respect to sorption-desorption kinetics, exchange capacity and service life. Obviously, the present study provides a new approach for bettering lithium aluminate adsorbents by conducting researches on the synthesis and performance of aluminum hydroxide adsorbents with multilevel pore sizes.

英文关键词： Multilevel;Porous Aluminum Hydroxide;Lithium;Adsorbent;Nanoscale