基于悬液Wien效应土壤粘粒与离子间能量关系的研究

项目名称： 基于悬液Wien效应土壤粘粒与离子间能量关系的研究

项目编号： No.40871114

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 电工技术

项目作者： 王玉军

作者单位： 中国科学院南京土壤研究所

项目金额： 45万元

中文摘要： 开展了基于悬液Wien效应的土壤粘粒与离子间能量关系研究。选用10种土壤（黄棕壤、棕壤、紫色土、黑土、黑钙土、砖红壤、赤红壤、黄壤、红壤和水稻土），并以2种粘土矿物（蒙脱土、高岭土）、2种氧化物（氧化铁、氧化铝）作为供试土壤和粘土矿物。所有粘粒均分别制成不同阳离子（钠、钾、铵、钙、镁、铜、镉、锌、铅、铬、镧等）和不同阴离子（硝酸根、氯、硫酸根、磷酸根、砷酸根、铬酸根等）饱和的样品，用去离子水制成悬液，作Wien 效应测量，绘制电导率－场强曲线。从曲线上获取有关参数，用以表征土壤粘粒与离子间的相互作用强度，计算离子与粘粒间的平均结合自由能和平均吸附自由能；系统研究了土壤悬液负Wien效应，并阐述了其作用机制。项目研究结果将为进一步揭示重金属的环境化学行为，为重金属的环境风险评价和修复政策的制定提供技术支撑。

中文关键词： Wien效应；土壤胶体；离子；平均结合自由能；平均吸附自由能

英文摘要： Based on the Wien effect of suspensions, energy relationships between interesting ions and soil colloids were studied. Ten types of soils, including Yellow-brown soil, Brown soil, Purple soil, Black soil, Chernozem, Latosol, Lateritic red soil, Yellow soil, Red soil, and Paddy soil, were collected and treated for this research, and two clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite), two oxides (iron oxide and aluminium oxide) were chosen as the type soil minerals. All of the soil colloids and clays were saturated with different cations (Na, K, NH4, Ca, Mg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, La) and anions (NO3, Cl, SO4, PO4, AsO4, CrO4), respectively. The measurements of Wien effect in the suspensions, which were prepared from the samples and deionized water, were conducted, and electrical conductivity-field strength curve were plotted (Wien effect curves). The mean free binding energies and adsorption energies between ions and soil colloids, charactersting the interactions between ions and soil particles, were acquired from the curves. And also the mechanism of Negative Wien effect of soil suspension were explored.Such information would be important for the understanding the environmental behaviors of heavy metals and for the implementation of risk assessment management and remediation strategies of heavy metals.

英文关键词： Wien effect; Soil colloid; Ions; Mean free bonding engergy; Mean free adsorption engergy