城市化进程中城市"五岛效应"的形成机制与模拟

项目名称： 城市化进程中城市"五岛效应"的形成机制与模拟

项目编号： No.41271055

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 束炯

作者单位： 华东师范大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 应用历史数据和实时监测数据，分析城市化进程的增温效应和"五岛效应"统计特征。通过遥感和观测计算等手段，确定城市冠层内地面粗糙度与零平面位移数据；建立包括不同来源的近地层污染因子排放清单：对地面能量平衡模式中显热通量进行数据同化；考察人为热和土地利用等对于"热岛效应"等要素的贡献。通过对热通量资料的数据同化，模拟城市气候"五岛效应"的形成规律、时空变化及误差检验；分析城、郊不同站点所代表区域的城市化倾向；刻画海陆风对沿海城市五岛效应形成的影响；认识城市化进程中对局地降水时空分布的影响；分析城市下垫面对不同天气系统过境的阻障作用；研究沿海城市海、陆（城市化地区）摩擦对局地降水变化的综合效应。进而认识城市"五岛效应"形成过程中，各要素之间的互馈机制；城市热岛与干岛、湿岛的相互关系；城市大气污染的扩散规律与辐射强迫机制；城市浑浊岛对"热岛"的形成作用。从理论上分析城市化进程中"五岛效应"形成机制。

中文关键词： 城市化进程；城市热岛；辐合效应；集成模式；计算流体力学

英文摘要： Based on the urban land use information retrieved from remote sensing data, this study will analyze the warming effect and the statistical characteristics of its spatial differences. Data assimilation and numeric simulation methods are used to analyze the formation mechanisms of "five-island" effect and the interactions among each factor. The whole experiment will be carried out with the coupled WRF-UCM and WRF-Chem, the former one has physical characteristics of urban canopy while the later one contains chemical modules. First, the physical processes of urban heat flux and vapor exchange will be described better in mesoscale models. Then, idealized single layer urban module is adopted to calculate heat and momentum exchange between atmosphere and urban surface. Second, urban air pollutants' diffusion rules and their transformation are considered in models. To finish above work, this study includes: (1) Acquire basic data of land use from urban surface. (2) Warming effect and statistical characteristics of five-island effect in urbanization. (3) Real time monitoring of urban meteorological elements and sensible heat flux. (4) Anthropogenic heat data processing in surface energy balance model. (5) Sensible heat data assimilation in surface energy balance model. It mainly includes: ① Least square method. ② Var

英文关键词： urbanization process；urban heat island；convergence effect；integration models；computational fluid dynamics