黄土丘陵区切沟发育过程与形态模拟

项目名称： 黄土丘陵区切沟发育过程与形态模拟

项目编号： No.41271299

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 郑粉莉

作者单位： 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

项目金额： 74万元

中文摘要： 切沟侵蚀是黄土丘陵沟壑区最重要的侵蚀方式，其发生发展不仅破坏土地资源，加剧洪涝危害和威胁人居环境，且对当地和异地的粮食和生态安全造成严重威胁。因此，开展切沟侵蚀发育过程及其形态模拟研究，不但深化对土壤侵蚀规律的认识，而且为侵蚀防治提供重要的科学依据。但由于切沟侵蚀发育过程的复杂性及影响因素的多变性，以及其发生发展的随机性、偶发性和非线型性，使切沟侵蚀过程动态监测研究具有很大难度，从而导致切沟侵蚀过程研究非常薄弱。本研究在切沟侵蚀严重区的黄土丘陵沟壑区第一副区和第二副区各选5个典型样区，采用野外定位观测、高精度GPS和三维激光扫描技术以及模拟试验技术，获取切沟侵蚀发育过程的第一手观测资料，定量刻画切沟侵蚀动态发育过程，分析切沟集水区汇流和输沙过程与机理，建立切沟发育的形态模拟模型，研究成果不仅为针对性的布设水保措施提供重要的科学依据，也为复杂地形区侵蚀预报模型建立提供理论支持。

中文关键词： 三维激光扫描；立体摄影测量；切沟形态；发育过程；动态模拟

英文摘要： Gully erosion is the most important water erosion pattern in the loess hilly area. Gully development not only causes severe land degradation and soil productivity loss, but also threatens the river operation security and destroys the humanity environment. Therefore, research on gully developing process and its geomorphology simulation will enhance deep understanding of soil erosion mechanisms and provide important basis for controlling soil erosion and reducing river sediment yield. However, there is very weakness on studying gully erosion development process due to complexity of gully erosion process and limitation of research technology, which influences developing erosion prediction at complex landforms and arrangement of suitable soil and water conservation measures. Each 5 typical sites in two sub-regions (No. 1 and No. 2) in Hilly Loess Region, where are heavy erosion areas, especially severe gully erosion, are taken as the research sites. The combined methods of field survey, measurements of high precision GPS, Lidar technique monitoring and rainfall simulated experiment are used to obtain the valuable observed information of gully erosion development. Moreover, it is conducted to quantify the dynamic gully erosion processes, and to analysis the process and mechanism of confluence and sediment process in

英文关键词： LiDAR；photogrammetry；gully morphology；development process；dynamic monitorring