菊头蝠科蝙蝠适应辐射的感官生态机制研究

项目名称： 菊头蝠科蝙蝠适应辐射的感官生态机制研究

项目编号： No.31270414

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 冯江

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 87万元

中文摘要： 为什么一些世系含有丰富的物种多样性且具有广泛的生态变化，而另一些仅包括很少量的物种且生态多样性极低？目前的证据表明物种借助"形态革新"并抓住"生态机会"是触发世系适应辐射的关键。然而，感官表型的革新是否也能触发适应辐射尚无定论；革新表型的性能对物种开拓和适应"生态机会"的作用仍不确定；感官推动的物种形成模式是否参与适应辐射的过程尚不清楚。本项目针对上述科学问题，在多学科交叉的基础上，通过对菊头蝠科蝙蝠的感官表型、表型性能和生境特征的综合比较，结合菊头蝠物种的分子系统发育历史，阐明3个性状的进化及关系，验证生境特征和提高菊头蝠表型性能的感官表型的进化将与物种分歧速率的增加相关这一假说，揭示菊头蝠科蝙蝠适应辐射的驱动力和机制，将在进化生物学和感官生态学领域取得创新性成果，对揭示物种形成的感官推动机制、生态适应性的起源和生物多样性的进化具有重要意义，为蝙蝠生物多样性保育提供科学对策和依据。

中文关键词： 适应辐射；蝙蝠；感官生态；声场；系统发育

英文摘要： Why do some lineages comprise many species and a wide range of ecological variation, while others encompass only few species that vary little from one another? Current evidences show that ecological opportunity unlocked by morphological innovations of species plays a key role in triggering adaptive radiation of lineages. However, no final conclusion has been reached on whether sensory phenotypic innovations can also trigger the progress of adaptive radiation. Moreover, the function of innovative phenotype performance in exploiting and adapting to ecological opportunity is uncertain. Finally, the role of ecological divergent selection in speciation is significant, but whether the similar pattern occurs in sensory drive model is unclear. To address these problems, here, we analyse large and comprehensive datasets summarizing sensory phenotype, phenotype performance and habitat traits, and relate these traits to diversi?cation rates throughout the evolutionary history of an ecologically diverse family of mammals (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) to elucidate evolution and relationship of traits and test the hypothesis that the evolution of habitat traits and a sensory phenotype that improved phenotype performance is associated with increasing diversi?cation rates in this family, and then to reveal divers and mechanisms

英文关键词： speciation；bats；sensory ecology；sonar beampattern；phylogenetics