雪貂大脑皮层同克隆群姐妹神经元间神经环路的发育特性

项目名称： 雪貂大脑皮层同克隆群姐妹神经元间神经环路的发育特性

项目编号： No.31471036

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 禹永春

作者单位： 复旦大学

项目金额： 99万元

中文摘要： 大脑皮层的沟回结构是人和猴等高等哺乳动物的独有特性。研究表明，有沟回结构的大脑皮层较啮齿类（小鼠等）平滑大脑皮层具有其独特的发育特性。但因高等哺乳动物活体脑标本难以获得，因此目前我们对沟回脑皮层神经环路发育特性知之甚少。在本项研究中，我们引入具有沟回脑皮层结构的雪貂来研究兴奋性同克隆神经元群间神经环路的发育特性。在本项研究中，我们将携带光敏感基因片段的逆转录病毒注入到雪貂胚胎脑室中从而标记出兴奋性同克隆神经元群。然后，利用多通道膜片钳结合激光扫描刺激技术记录雪貂脑皮层同克隆神经元群间形成的电突触和化学性突触环路联系，以及利用紫外激光敏感的笼锁化合物来绘制所记录同克隆神经元群脑皮层神经网络图谱。通过本项研究，我们拟系统阐明：（1）同克隆神经元群在沟回脑皮层中的3D分布特性；（2）不同类型同克隆神经元群电突触和化学性突触环路的发育特性；（3）同克隆神经元在脑皮层中的网络图谱特点。

中文关键词： 雪貂；神经环路；神经网络；大脑皮层；突触发育

英文摘要： The sulcus structure on cerebral cortex is a unique feature of higher mammals such as human and monkey. Many previous studies showed that the development of cerebral cortex on higher mammals is different with rodents which have smooth cerebral cortex. It is difficult to get higher mammals fresh brain tissues, because of long embryonic stage, less embryos and so on. Therefore, little is known about how higher mammals develop the neural circuits. In the present proposal, we will explore the developing characteristics of microcircuits on ontogenetic radial columns at higher mammal (ferret). We will develop retroviral system which expressed Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to label the excitatory ontogenetic sister neurons. The functional organization of individual sister clones will be studied by electrophysiology (e.g. multi-electrode whole-cell patch clamp recording) and lasers scanning microscopy. We will also explore the circuit mapping of the excitatory ontogenetic sister neurons on ferret cortical slice by ultraviolet uncaging of glutamate, and thus to further determine how the integrative properties of local radial clone circuits to support the processing of information. In summary, we will systematically address the following scientific questions in this grant application: (1) the 3D distribution of ontogenetic radial columns in ferret cerebral cortex; (2) the developing characteristics of microcircuits on different types of ontogenetic radial columns; (3) the circuit mapping of the excitatory ontogenetic sister neurons.

英文关键词： ferret;neural circuits;neural network;cerebral cortex;synaptic development